# sklearn.decomposition.DictionaryLearning¶

class sklearn.decomposition.DictionaryLearning(n_components=None, alpha=1, max_iter=1000, tol=1e-08, fit_algorithm='lars', transform_algorithm='omp', transform_n_nonzero_coefs=None, transform_alpha=None, n_jobs=None, code_init=None, dict_init=None, verbose=False, split_sign=False, random_state=None, positive_code=False, positive_dict=False, transform_max_iter=1000)[source]

Dictionary learning

Finds a dictionary (a set of atoms) that can best be used to represent data using a sparse code.

Solves the optimization problem:

(U^*,V^*) = argmin 0.5 || Y - U V ||_2^2 + alpha * || U ||_1
(U,V)
with || V_k ||_2 = 1 for all  0 <= k < n_components


Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters
n_componentsint,

number of dictionary elements to extract

alphafloat,

sparsity controlling parameter

max_iterint,

maximum number of iterations to perform

tolfloat,

tolerance for numerical error

fit_algorithm{‘lars’, ‘cd’}

lars: uses the least angle regression method to solve the lasso problem (linear_model.lars_path) cd: uses the coordinate descent method to compute the Lasso solution (linear_model.Lasso). Lars will be faster if the estimated components are sparse.

New in version 0.17: cd coordinate descent method to improve speed.

transform_algorithm{‘lasso_lars’, ‘lasso_cd’, ‘lars’, ‘omp’, ‘threshold’}

Algorithm used to transform the data lars: uses the least angle regression method (linear_model.lars_path) lasso_lars: uses Lars to compute the Lasso solution lasso_cd: uses the coordinate descent method to compute the Lasso solution (linear_model.Lasso). lasso_lars will be faster if the estimated components are sparse. omp: uses orthogonal matching pursuit to estimate the sparse solution threshold: squashes to zero all coefficients less than alpha from the projection dictionary * X'

New in version 0.17: lasso_cd coordinate descent method to improve speed.

transform_n_nonzero_coefsint, 0.1 * n_features by default

Number of nonzero coefficients to target in each column of the solution. This is only used by algorithm='lars' and algorithm='omp' and is overridden by alpha in the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) case.

transform_alphafloat, 1. by default

If algorithm='lasso_lars' or algorithm='lasso_cd', alpha is the penalty applied to the L1 norm. If algorithm='threshold', alpha is the absolute value of the threshold below which coefficients will be squashed to zero. If algorithm='omp', alpha is the tolerance parameter: the value of the reconstruction error targeted. In this case, it overrides n_nonzero_coefs.

n_jobsint or None, optional (default=None)

Number of parallel jobs to run. None means 1 unless in a joblib.parallel_backend context. -1 means using all processors. See Glossary for more details.

code_initarray of shape (n_samples, n_components),

initial value for the code, for warm restart

dict_initarray of shape (n_components, n_features),

initial values for the dictionary, for warm restart

verbosebool, optional (default: False)

To control the verbosity of the procedure.

split_signbool, False by default

Whether to split the sparse feature vector into the concatenation of its negative part and its positive part. This can improve the performance of downstream classifiers.

random_stateint, RandomState instance or None, optional (default=None)

If int, random_state is the seed used by the random number generator; If RandomState instance, random_state is the random number generator; If None, the random number generator is the RandomState instance used by np.random.

positive_codebool

Whether to enforce positivity when finding the code.

New in version 0.20.

positive_dictbool

Whether to enforce positivity when finding the dictionary

New in version 0.20.

transform_max_iterint, optional (default=1000)

Maximum number of iterations to perform if algorithm='lasso_cd' or lasso_lars.

New in version 0.22.

Attributes
components_array, [n_components, n_features]

dictionary atoms extracted from the data

error_array

vector of errors at each iteration

n_iter_int

Number of iterations run.

Notes

References:

J. Mairal, F. Bach, J. Ponce, G. Sapiro, 2009: Online dictionary learning for sparse coding (https://www.di.ens.fr/sierra/pdfs/icml09.pdf)

Methods

 fit(self, X[, y]) Fit the model from data in X. fit_transform(self, X[, y]) Fit to data, then transform it. get_params(self[, deep]) Get parameters for this estimator. set_params(self, \*\*params) Set the parameters of this estimator. transform(self, X) Encode the data as a sparse combination of the dictionary atoms.
__init__(self, n_components=None, alpha=1, max_iter=1000, tol=1e-08, fit_algorithm='lars', transform_algorithm='omp', transform_n_nonzero_coefs=None, transform_alpha=None, n_jobs=None, code_init=None, dict_init=None, verbose=False, split_sign=False, random_state=None, positive_code=False, positive_dict=False, transform_max_iter=1000)[source]

Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

fit(self, X, y=None)[source]

Fit the model from data in X.

Parameters
Xarray-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)

Training vector, where n_samples in the number of samples and n_features is the number of features.

yIgnored
Returns
selfobject

Returns the object itself

fit_transform(self, X, y=None, **fit_params)[source]

Fit to data, then transform it.

Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.

Parameters
Xnumpy array of shape [n_samples, n_features]

Training set.

ynumpy array of shape [n_samples]

Target values.

Returns
X_newnumpy array of shape [n_samples, n_features_new]

Transformed array.

get_params(self, deep=True)[source]

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters
deepboolean, optional

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns
paramsmapping of string to any

Parameter names mapped to their values.

set_params(self, **params)[source]

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as pipelines). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Returns
self
transform(self, X)[source]

Encode the data as a sparse combination of the dictionary atoms.

Coding method is determined by the object parameter transform_algorithm.

Parameters
Xarray of shape (n_samples, n_features)

Test data to be transformed, must have the same number of features as the data used to train the model.

Returns
X_newarray, shape (n_samples, n_components)

Transformed data