# sklearn.cluster.SpectralClustering¶

class sklearn.cluster.SpectralClustering(n_clusters=8, *, eigen_solver=None, n_components=None, random_state=None, n_init=10, gamma=1.0, affinity='rbf', n_neighbors=10, eigen_tol=0.0, assign_labels='kmeans', degree=3, coef0=1, kernel_params=None, n_jobs=None, verbose=False)[source]

Apply clustering to a projection of the normalized Laplacian.

In practice Spectral Clustering is very useful when the structure of the individual clusters is highly non-convex or more generally when a measure of the center and spread of the cluster is not a suitable description of the complete cluster. For instance when clusters are nested circles on the 2D plane.

If affinity is the adjacency matrix of a graph, this method can be used to find normalized graph cuts.

When calling fit, an affinity matrix is constructed using either kernel function such the Gaussian (aka RBF) kernel of the euclidean distanced d(X, X):

np.exp(-gamma * d(X,X) ** 2)


or a k-nearest neighbors connectivity matrix.

Alternatively, using precomputed, a user-provided affinity matrix can be used.

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters
n_clustersint, default=8

The dimension of the projection subspace.

eigen_solver{‘arpack’, ‘lobpcg’, ‘amg’}, default=None

The eigenvalue decomposition strategy to use. AMG requires pyamg to be installed. It can be faster on very large, sparse problems, but may also lead to instabilities. If None, then 'arpack' is used.

n_componentsint, default=n_clusters

Number of eigen vectors to use for the spectral embedding

random_stateint, RandomState instance, default=None

A pseudo random number generator used for the initialization of the lobpcg eigen vectors decomposition when eigen_solver='amg' and by the K-Means initialization. Use an int to make the randomness deterministic. See Glossary.

n_initint, default=10

Number of time the k-means algorithm will be run with different centroid seeds. The final results will be the best output of n_init consecutive runs in terms of inertia.

gammafloat, default=1.0

Kernel coefficient for rbf, poly, sigmoid, laplacian and chi2 kernels. Ignored for affinity='nearest_neighbors'.

affinitystr or callable, default=’rbf’
How to construct the affinity matrix.
• ‘nearest_neighbors’ : construct the affinity matrix by computing a graph of nearest neighbors.

• ‘rbf’ : construct the affinity matrix using a radial basis function (RBF) kernel.

• ‘precomputed’ : interpret X as a precomputed affinity matrix.

• ‘precomputed_nearest_neighbors’ : interpret X as a sparse graph of precomputed nearest neighbors, and constructs the affinity matrix by selecting the n_neighbors nearest neighbors.

• one of the kernels supported by pairwise_kernels.

Only kernels that produce similarity scores (non-negative values that increase with similarity) should be used. This property is not checked by the clustering algorithm.

n_neighborsint, default=10

Number of neighbors to use when constructing the affinity matrix using the nearest neighbors method. Ignored for affinity='rbf'.

eigen_tolfloat, default=0.0

Stopping criterion for eigendecomposition of the Laplacian matrix when eigen_solver='arpack'.

assign_labels{‘kmeans’, ‘discretize’}, default=’kmeans’

The strategy to use to assign labels in the embedding space. There are two ways to assign labels after the laplacian embedding. k-means can be applied and is a popular choice. But it can also be sensitive to initialization. Discretization is another approach which is less sensitive to random initialization.

degreefloat, default=3

Degree of the polynomial kernel. Ignored by other kernels.

coef0float, default=1

Zero coefficient for polynomial and sigmoid kernels. Ignored by other kernels.

kernel_paramsdict of str to any, default=None

Parameters (keyword arguments) and values for kernel passed as callable object. Ignored by other kernels.

n_jobsint, default=None

The number of parallel jobs to run when affinity='nearest_neighbors' or affinity='precomputed_nearest_neighbors'. The neighbors search will be done in parallel. None means 1 unless in a joblib.parallel_backend context. -1 means using all processors. See Glossary for more details.

verbosebool, default=False

Verbosity mode.

New in version 0.24.

Attributes
affinity_matrix_array-like of shape (n_samples, n_samples)

Affinity matrix used for clustering. Available only if after calling fit.

labels_ndarray of shape (n_samples,)

Labels of each point

Notes

If you have an affinity matrix, such as a distance matrix, for which 0 means identical elements, and high values means very dissimilar elements, it can be transformed in a similarity matrix that is well suited for the algorithm by applying the Gaussian (RBF, heat) kernel:

np.exp(- dist_matrix ** 2 / (2. * delta ** 2))


Where delta is a free parameter representing the width of the Gaussian kernel.

Another alternative is to take a symmetric version of the k nearest neighbors connectivity matrix of the points.

If the pyamg package is installed, it is used: this greatly speeds up computation.

References

Examples

>>> from sklearn.cluster import SpectralClustering
>>> import numpy as np
>>> X = np.array([[1, 1], [2, 1], [1, 0],
...               [4, 7], [3, 5], [3, 6]])
>>> clustering = SpectralClustering(n_clusters=2,
...         assign_labels="discretize",
...         random_state=0).fit(X)
>>> clustering.labels_
array([1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0])
>>> clustering
SpectralClustering(assign_labels='discretize', n_clusters=2,
random_state=0)


Methods

 fit(X[, y]) Perform spectral clustering from features, or affinity matrix. fit_predict(X[, y]) Perform spectral clustering from features, or affinity matrix, and return cluster labels. get_params([deep]) Get parameters for this estimator. set_params(**params) Set the parameters of this estimator.
fit(X, y=None)[source]

Perform spectral clustering from features, or affinity matrix.

Parameters
X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features), or array-like of shape (n_samples, n_samples)

Training instances to cluster, or similarities / affinities between instances if affinity='precomputed'. If a sparse matrix is provided in a format other than csr_matrix, csc_matrix, or coo_matrix, it will be converted into a sparse csr_matrix.

yIgnored

Not used, present here for API consistency by convention.

Returns
self
fit_predict(X, y=None)[source]

Perform spectral clustering from features, or affinity matrix, and return cluster labels.

Parameters
X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features), or array-like of shape (n_samples, n_samples)

Training instances to cluster, or similarities / affinities between instances if affinity='precomputed'. If a sparse matrix is provided in a format other than csr_matrix, csc_matrix, or coo_matrix, it will be converted into a sparse csr_matrix.

yIgnored

Not used, present here for API consistency by convention.

Returns
labelsndarray of shape (n_samples,)

Cluster labels.

get_params(deep=True)[source]

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters
deepbool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns
paramsdict

Parameter names mapped to their values.

set_params(**params)[source]

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters
**paramsdict

Estimator parameters.

Returns
selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.