Note
Go to the end to download the full example code. or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite or Binder
Comparison between grid search and successive halving#
This example compares the parameter search performed by
HalvingGridSearchCV
and
GridSearchCV
.
# Authors: The scikit-learn developers
# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
from time import time
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.experimental import enable_halving_search_cv # noqa
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV, HalvingGridSearchCV
from sklearn.svm import SVC
We first define the parameter space for an SVC
estimator, and compute the time required to train a
HalvingGridSearchCV
instance, as well as a
GridSearchCV
instance.
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
X, y = datasets.make_classification(n_samples=1000, random_state=rng)
gammas = [1e-1, 1e-2, 1e-3, 1e-4, 1e-5, 1e-6, 1e-7]
Cs = [1, 10, 100, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5]
param_grid = {"gamma": gammas, "C": Cs}
clf = SVC(random_state=rng)
tic = time()
gsh = HalvingGridSearchCV(
estimator=clf, param_grid=param_grid, factor=2, random_state=rng
)
gsh.fit(X, y)
gsh_time = time() - tic
tic = time()
gs = GridSearchCV(estimator=clf, param_grid=param_grid)
gs.fit(X, y)
gs_time = time() - tic
We now plot heatmaps for both search estimators.
def make_heatmap(ax, gs, is_sh=False, make_cbar=False):
"""Helper to make a heatmap."""
results = pd.DataFrame(gs.cv_results_)
results[["param_C", "param_gamma"]] = results[["param_C", "param_gamma"]].astype(
np.float64
)
if is_sh:
# SH dataframe: get mean_test_score values for the highest iter
scores_matrix = results.sort_values("iter").pivot_table(
index="param_gamma",
columns="param_C",
values="mean_test_score",
aggfunc="last",
)
else:
scores_matrix = results.pivot(
index="param_gamma", columns="param_C", values="mean_test_score"
)
im = ax.imshow(scores_matrix)
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(len(Cs)))
ax.set_xticklabels(["{:.0E}".format(x) for x in Cs])
ax.set_xlabel("C", fontsize=15)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(len(gammas)))
ax.set_yticklabels(["{:.0E}".format(x) for x in gammas])
ax.set_ylabel("gamma", fontsize=15)
# Rotate the tick labels and set their alignment.
plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(), rotation=45, ha="right", rotation_mode="anchor")
if is_sh:
iterations = results.pivot_table(
index="param_gamma", columns="param_C", values="iter", aggfunc="max"
).values
for i in range(len(gammas)):
for j in range(len(Cs)):
ax.text(
j,
i,
iterations[i, j],
ha="center",
va="center",
color="w",
fontsize=20,
)
if make_cbar:
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.8)
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes([0.85, 0.15, 0.05, 0.7])
fig.colorbar(im, cax=cbar_ax)
cbar_ax.set_ylabel("mean_test_score", rotation=-90, va="bottom", fontsize=15)
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, sharey=True)
ax1, ax2 = axes
make_heatmap(ax1, gsh, is_sh=True)
make_heatmap(ax2, gs, make_cbar=True)
ax1.set_title("Successive Halving\ntime = {:.3f}s".format(gsh_time), fontsize=15)
ax2.set_title("GridSearch\ntime = {:.3f}s".format(gs_time), fontsize=15)
plt.show()
The heatmaps show the mean test score of the parameter combinations for an
SVC
instance. The
HalvingGridSearchCV
also shows the
iteration at which the combinations where last used. The combinations marked
as 0
were only evaluated at the first iteration, while the ones with
5
are the parameter combinations that are considered the best ones.
We can see that the HalvingGridSearchCV
class is able to find parameter combinations that are just as accurate as
GridSearchCV
, in much less time.
Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 7.970 seconds)
Related examples
Pipelining: chaining a PCA and a logistic regression
Comparing randomized search and grid search for hyperparameter estimation
Concentration Prior Type Analysis of Variation Bayesian Gaussian Mixture