Plot the decision surface of decision trees trained on the iris dataset

Plot the decision surface of a decision tree trained on pairs of features of the iris dataset.

See decision tree for more information on the estimator.

For each pair of iris features, the decision tree learns decision boundaries made of combinations of simple thresholding rules inferred from the training samples.

We also show the tree structure of a model built on all of the features.

First load the copy of the Iris dataset shipped with scikit-learn:

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

iris = load_iris()

Display the decision functions of trees trained on all pairs of features.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.inspection import DecisionBoundaryDisplay
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

# Parameters
n_classes = 3
plot_colors = "ryb"
plot_step = 0.02


for pairidx, pair in enumerate([[0, 1], [0, 2], [0, 3], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 3]]):
    # We only take the two corresponding features
    X = iris.data[:, pair]
    y = iris.target

    # Train
    clf = DecisionTreeClassifier().fit(X, y)

    # Plot the decision boundary
    ax = plt.subplot(2, 3, pairidx + 1)
    plt.tight_layout(h_pad=0.5, w_pad=0.5, pad=2.5)
    DecisionBoundaryDisplay.from_estimator(
        clf,
        X,
        cmap=plt.cm.RdYlBu,
        response_method="predict",
        ax=ax,
        xlabel=iris.feature_names[pair[0]],
        ylabel=iris.feature_names[pair[1]],
    )

    # Plot the training points
    for i, color in zip(range(n_classes), plot_colors):
        idx = np.where(y == i)
        plt.scatter(
            X[idx, 0],
            X[idx, 1],
            c=color,
            label=iris.target_names[i],
            cmap=plt.cm.RdYlBu,
            edgecolor="black",
            s=15,
        )

plt.suptitle("Decision surface of decision trees trained on pairs of features")
plt.legend(loc="lower right", borderpad=0, handletextpad=0)
_ = plt.axis("tight")
Decision surface of decision trees trained on pairs of features
/home/circleci/project/examples/tree/plot_iris_dtc.py:63: UserWarning:

No data for colormapping provided via 'c'. Parameters 'cmap' will be ignored

/home/circleci/project/examples/tree/plot_iris_dtc.py:63: UserWarning:

No data for colormapping provided via 'c'. Parameters 'cmap' will be ignored

/home/circleci/project/examples/tree/plot_iris_dtc.py:63: UserWarning:

No data for colormapping provided via 'c'. Parameters 'cmap' will be ignored

/home/circleci/project/examples/tree/plot_iris_dtc.py:63: UserWarning:

No data for colormapping provided via 'c'. Parameters 'cmap' will be ignored

/home/circleci/project/examples/tree/plot_iris_dtc.py:63: UserWarning:

No data for colormapping provided via 'c'. Parameters 'cmap' will be ignored

/home/circleci/project/examples/tree/plot_iris_dtc.py:63: UserWarning:

No data for colormapping provided via 'c'. Parameters 'cmap' will be ignored

Display the structure of a single decision tree trained on all the features together.

from sklearn.tree import plot_tree

plt.figure()
clf = DecisionTreeClassifier().fit(iris.data, iris.target)
plot_tree(clf, filled=True)
plt.title("Decision tree trained on all the iris features")
plt.show()
Decision tree trained on all the iris features

Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 0.857 seconds)

Related examples

Plot multi-class SGD on the iris dataset

Plot multi-class SGD on the iris dataset

Plot the decision surfaces of ensembles of trees on the iris dataset

Plot the decision surfaces of ensembles of trees on the iris dataset

Plot the decision boundaries of a VotingClassifier

Plot the decision boundaries of a VotingClassifier

Two-class AdaBoost

Two-class AdaBoost

The Iris Dataset

The Iris Dataset

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