sklearn.model_selection
.cross_validate¶
- sklearn.model_selection.cross_validate(estimator, X, y=None, *, groups=None, scoring=None, cv=None, n_jobs=None, verbose=0, fit_params=None, pre_dispatch='2*n_jobs', return_train_score=False, return_estimator=False, error_score=nan)[source]¶
Evaluate metric(s) by cross-validation and also record fit/score times.
Read more in the User Guide.
- Parameters
- estimatorestimator object implementing ‘fit’
The object to use to fit the data.
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
The data to fit. Can be for example a list, or an array.
- yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs), default=None
The target variable to try to predict in the case of supervised learning.
- groupsarray-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None
Group labels for the samples used while splitting the dataset into train/test set. Only used in conjunction with a “Group” cv instance (e.g.,
GroupKFold
).- scoringstr, callable, list, tuple, or dict, default=None
Strategy to evaluate the performance of the cross-validated model on the test set.
If
scoring
represents a single score, one can use:a single string (see The scoring parameter: defining model evaluation rules);
a callable (see Defining your scoring strategy from metric functions) that returns a single value.
If
scoring
represents multiple scores, one can use:a list or tuple of unique strings;
a callable returning a dictionary where the keys are the metric names and the values are the metric scores;
a dictionary with metric names as keys and callables a values.
See Specifying multiple metrics for evaluation for an example.
- cvint, cross-validation generator or an iterable, default=None
Determines the cross-validation splitting strategy. Possible inputs for cv are:
None, to use the default 5-fold cross validation,
int, to specify the number of folds in a
(Stratified)KFold
,An iterable yielding (train, test) splits as arrays of indices.
For int/None inputs, if the estimator is a classifier and
y
is either binary or multiclass,StratifiedKFold
is used. In all other cases,Fold
is used. These splitters are instantiated withshuffle=False
so the splits will be the same across calls.Refer User Guide for the various cross-validation strategies that can be used here.
Changed in version 0.22:
cv
default value if None changed from 3-fold to 5-fold.- n_jobsint, default=None
Number of jobs to run in parallel. Training the estimator and computing the score are parallelized over the cross-validation splits.
None
means 1 unless in ajoblib.parallel_backend
context.-1
means using all processors. See Glossary for more details.- verboseint, default=0
The verbosity level.
- fit_paramsdict, default=None
Parameters to pass to the fit method of the estimator.
- pre_dispatchint or str, default=’2*n_jobs’
Controls the number of jobs that get dispatched during parallel execution. Reducing this number can be useful to avoid an explosion of memory consumption when more jobs get dispatched than CPUs can process. This parameter can be:
None, in which case all the jobs are immediately created and spawned. Use this for lightweight and fast-running jobs, to avoid delays due to on-demand spawning of the jobs
An int, giving the exact number of total jobs that are spawned
A str, giving an expression as a function of n_jobs, as in ‘2*n_jobs’
- return_train_scorebool, default=False
Whether to include train scores. Computing training scores is used to get insights on how different parameter settings impact the overfitting/underfitting trade-off. However computing the scores on the training set can be computationally expensive and is not strictly required to select the parameters that yield the best generalization performance.
New in version 0.19.
Changed in version 0.21: Default value was changed from
True
toFalse
- return_estimatorbool, default=False
Whether to return the estimators fitted on each split.
New in version 0.20.
- error_score‘raise’ or numeric, default=np.nan
Value to assign to the score if an error occurs in estimator fitting. If set to ‘raise’, the error is raised. If a numeric value is given, FitFailedWarning is raised.
New in version 0.20.
- Returns
- scoresdict of float arrays of shape (n_splits,)
Array of scores of the estimator for each run of the cross validation.
A dict of arrays containing the score/time arrays for each scorer is returned. The possible keys for this
dict
are:test_score
The score array for test scores on each cv split. Suffix
_score
intest_score
changes to a specific metric liketest_r2
ortest_auc
if there are multiple scoring metrics in the scoring parameter.train_score
The score array for train scores on each cv split. Suffix
_score
intrain_score
changes to a specific metric liketrain_r2
ortrain_auc
if there are multiple scoring metrics in the scoring parameter. This is available only ifreturn_train_score
parameter isTrue
.fit_time
The time for fitting the estimator on the train set for each cv split.
score_time
The time for scoring the estimator on the test set for each cv split. (Note time for scoring on the train set is not included even if
return_train_score
is set toTrue
estimator
The estimator objects for each cv split. This is available only if
return_estimator
parameter is set toTrue
.
See also
cross_val_score
Run cross-validation for single metric evaluation.
cross_val_predict
Get predictions from each split of cross-validation for diagnostic purposes.
sklearn.metrics.make_scorer
Make a scorer from a performance metric or loss function.
Examples
>>> from sklearn import datasets, linear_model >>> from sklearn.model_selection import cross_validate >>> from sklearn.metrics import make_scorer >>> from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix >>> from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC >>> diabetes = datasets.load_diabetes() >>> X = diabetes.data[:150] >>> y = diabetes.target[:150] >>> lasso = linear_model.Lasso()
Single metric evaluation using
cross_validate
>>> cv_results = cross_validate(lasso, X, y, cv=3) >>> sorted(cv_results.keys()) ['fit_time', 'score_time', 'test_score'] >>> cv_results['test_score'] array([0.33150734, 0.08022311, 0.03531764])
Multiple metric evaluation using
cross_validate
(please refer thescoring
parameter doc for more information)>>> scores = cross_validate(lasso, X, y, cv=3, ... scoring=('r2', 'neg_mean_squared_error'), ... return_train_score=True) >>> print(scores['test_neg_mean_squared_error']) [-3635.5... -3573.3... -6114.7...] >>> print(scores['train_r2']) [0.28010158 0.39088426 0.22784852]