sklearn.neighbors
.KNeighborsTransformer¶
-
class
sklearn.neighbors.
KNeighborsTransformer
(*, mode='distance', n_neighbors=5, algorithm='auto', leaf_size=30, metric='minkowski', p=2, metric_params=None, n_jobs=1)[source]¶ Transform X into a (weighted) graph of k nearest neighbors
The transformed data is a sparse graph as returned by kneighbors_graph.
Read more in the User Guide.
New in version 0.22.
- Parameters
- mode{‘distance’, ‘connectivity’}, default=’distance’
Type of returned matrix: ‘connectivity’ will return the connectivity matrix with ones and zeros, and ‘distance’ will return the distances between neighbors according to the given metric.
- n_neighborsint, default=5
Number of neighbors for each sample in the transformed sparse graph. For compatibility reasons, as each sample is considered as its own neighbor, one extra neighbor will be computed when mode == ‘distance’. In this case, the sparse graph contains (n_neighbors + 1) neighbors.
- algorithm{‘auto’, ‘ball_tree’, ‘kd_tree’, ‘brute’}, default=’auto’
Algorithm used to compute the nearest neighbors:
‘ball_tree’ will use
BallTree
‘kd_tree’ will use
KDTree
‘brute’ will use a brute-force search.
‘auto’ will attempt to decide the most appropriate algorithm based on the values passed to
fit
method.
Note: fitting on sparse input will override the setting of this parameter, using brute force.
- leaf_sizeint, default=30
Leaf size passed to BallTree or KDTree. This can affect the speed of the construction and query, as well as the memory required to store the tree. The optimal value depends on the nature of the problem.
- metricstr or callable, default=’minkowski’
metric to use for distance computation. Any metric from scikit-learn or scipy.spatial.distance can be used.
If metric is a callable function, it is called on each pair of instances (rows) and the resulting value recorded. The callable should take two arrays as input and return one value indicating the distance between them. This works for Scipy’s metrics, but is less efficient than passing the metric name as a string.
Distance matrices are not supported.
Valid values for metric are:
from scikit-learn: [‘cityblock’, ‘cosine’, ‘euclidean’, ‘l1’, ‘l2’, ‘manhattan’]
from scipy.spatial.distance: [‘braycurtis’, ‘canberra’, ‘chebyshev’, ‘correlation’, ‘dice’, ‘hamming’, ‘jaccard’, ‘kulsinski’, ‘mahalanobis’, ‘minkowski’, ‘rogerstanimoto’, ‘russellrao’, ‘seuclidean’, ‘sokalmichener’, ‘sokalsneath’, ‘sqeuclidean’, ‘yule’]
See the documentation for scipy.spatial.distance for details on these metrics.
- pint, default=2
Parameter for the Minkowski metric from sklearn.metrics.pairwise.pairwise_distances. When p = 1, this is equivalent to using manhattan_distance (l1), and euclidean_distance (l2) for p = 2. For arbitrary p, minkowski_distance (l_p) is used.
- metric_paramsdict, default=None
Additional keyword arguments for the metric function.
- n_jobsint, default=1
The number of parallel jobs to run for neighbors search. If
-1
, then the number of jobs is set to the number of CPU cores.
- Attributes
- effective_metric_str or callable
The distance metric used. It will be same as the
metric
parameter or a synonym of it, e.g. ‘euclidean’ if themetric
parameter set to ‘minkowski’ andp
parameter set to 2.- effective_metric_params_dict
Additional keyword arguments for the metric function. For most metrics will be same with
metric_params
parameter, but may also contain thep
parameter value if theeffective_metric_
attribute is set to ‘minkowski’.- n_samples_fit_int
Number of samples in the fitted data.
Examples
>>> from sklearn.manifold import Isomap >>> from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsTransformer >>> from sklearn.pipeline import make_pipeline >>> estimator = make_pipeline( ... KNeighborsTransformer(n_neighbors=5, mode='distance'), ... Isomap(neighbors_algorithm='precomputed'))
Methods
fit
(X[, y])Fit the k-nearest neighbors transformer from the training dataset.
fit_transform
(X[, y])Fit to data, then transform it.
get_params
([deep])Get parameters for this estimator.
kneighbors
([X, n_neighbors, return_distance])Finds the K-neighbors of a point.
kneighbors_graph
([X, n_neighbors, mode])Computes the (weighted) graph of k-Neighbors for points in X
set_params
(**params)Set the parameters of this estimator.
transform
(X)Computes the (weighted) graph of Neighbors for points in X
-
fit
(X, y=None)[source]¶ Fit the k-nearest neighbors transformer from the training dataset.
- Parameters
- X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features) or (n_samples, n_samples) if metric=’precomputed’
Training data.
- Returns
- selfKNeighborsTransformer
The fitted k-nearest neighbors transformer.
-
fit_transform
(X, y=None)[source]¶ Fit to data, then transform it.
Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.
- Parameters
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Training set.
- yignored
- Returns
- Xtsparse matrix of shape (n_samples, n_samples)
Xt[i, j] is assigned the weight of edge that connects i to j. Only the neighbors have an explicit value. The diagonal is always explicit. The matrix is of CSR format.
-
get_params
(deep=True)[source]¶ Get parameters for this estimator.
- Parameters
- deepbool, default=True
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
- Returns
- paramsdict
Parameter names mapped to their values.
-
kneighbors
(X=None, n_neighbors=None, return_distance=True)[source]¶ Finds the K-neighbors of a point.
Returns indices of and distances to the neighbors of each point.
- Parameters
- Xarray-like, shape (n_queries, n_features), or (n_queries, n_indexed) if metric == ‘precomputed’, default=None
The query point or points. If not provided, neighbors of each indexed point are returned. In this case, the query point is not considered its own neighbor.
- n_neighborsint, default=None
Number of neighbors required for each sample. The default is the value passed to the constructor.
- return_distancebool, default=True
Whether or not to return the distances.
- Returns
- neigh_distndarray of shape (n_queries, n_neighbors)
Array representing the lengths to points, only present if return_distance=True
- neigh_indndarray of shape (n_queries, n_neighbors)
Indices of the nearest points in the population matrix.
Examples
In the following example, we construct a NearestNeighbors class from an array representing our data set and ask who’s the closest point to [1,1,1]
>>> samples = [[0., 0., 0.], [0., .5, 0.], [1., 1., .5]] >>> from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors >>> neigh = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=1) >>> neigh.fit(samples) NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=1) >>> print(neigh.kneighbors([[1., 1., 1.]])) (array([[0.5]]), array([[2]]))
As you can see, it returns [[0.5]], and [[2]], which means that the element is at distance 0.5 and is the third element of samples (indexes start at 0). You can also query for multiple points:
>>> X = [[0., 1., 0.], [1., 0., 1.]] >>> neigh.kneighbors(X, return_distance=False) array([[1], [2]]...)
-
kneighbors_graph
(X=None, n_neighbors=None, mode='connectivity')[source]¶ Computes the (weighted) graph of k-Neighbors for points in X
- Parameters
- Xarray-like of shape (n_queries, n_features), or (n_queries, n_indexed) if metric == ‘precomputed’, default=None
The query point or points. If not provided, neighbors of each indexed point are returned. In this case, the query point is not considered its own neighbor. For
metric='precomputed'
the shape should be (n_queries, n_indexed). Otherwise the shape should be (n_queries, n_features).- n_neighborsint, default=None
Number of neighbors for each sample. The default is the value passed to the constructor.
- mode{‘connectivity’, ‘distance’}, default=’connectivity’
Type of returned matrix: ‘connectivity’ will return the connectivity matrix with ones and zeros, in ‘distance’ the edges are Euclidean distance between points.
- Returns
- Asparse-matrix of shape (n_queries, n_samples_fit)
n_samples_fit
is the number of samples in the fitted dataA[i, j]
is assigned the weight of edge that connectsi
toj
. The matrix is of CSR format.
Examples
>>> X = [[0], [3], [1]] >>> from sklearn.neighbors import NearestNeighbors >>> neigh = NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=2) >>> neigh.fit(X) NearestNeighbors(n_neighbors=2) >>> A = neigh.kneighbors_graph(X) >>> A.toarray() array([[1., 0., 1.], [0., 1., 1.], [1., 0., 1.]])
-
set_params
(**params)[source]¶ Set the parameters of this estimator.
The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as
Pipeline
). The latter have parameters of the form<component>__<parameter>
so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.- Parameters
- **paramsdict
Estimator parameters.
- Returns
- selfestimator instance
Estimator instance.
-
transform
(X)[source]¶ Computes the (weighted) graph of Neighbors for points in X
- Parameters
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples_transform, n_features)
Sample data.
- Returns
- Xtsparse matrix of shape (n_samples_transform, n_samples_fit)
Xt[i, j] is assigned the weight of edge that connects i to j. Only the neighbors have an explicit value. The diagonal is always explicit. The matrix is of CSR format.