sklearn.linear_model.PassiveAggressiveClassifier¶
-
class
sklearn.linear_model.PassiveAggressiveClassifier(*, C=1.0, fit_intercept=True, max_iter=1000, tol=0.001, early_stopping=False, validation_fraction=0.1, n_iter_no_change=5, shuffle=True, verbose=0, loss='hinge', n_jobs=None, random_state=None, warm_start=False, class_weight=None, average=False)[source]¶ Passive Aggressive Classifier
Read more in the User Guide.
- Parameters
- Cfloat, default=1.0
Maximum step size (regularization). Defaults to 1.0.
- fit_interceptbool, default=True
Whether the intercept should be estimated or not. If False, the data is assumed to be already centered.
- max_iterint, default=1000
The maximum number of passes over the training data (aka epochs). It only impacts the behavior in the
fitmethod, and not thepartial_fitmethod.New in version 0.19.
- tolfloat or None, default=1e-3
The stopping criterion. If it is not None, the iterations will stop when (loss > previous_loss - tol).
New in version 0.19.
- early_stoppingbool, default=False
Whether to use early stopping to terminate training when validation. score is not improving. If set to True, it will automatically set aside a stratified fraction of training data as validation and terminate training when validation score is not improving by at least tol for n_iter_no_change consecutive epochs.
New in version 0.20.
- validation_fractionfloat, default=0.1
The proportion of training data to set aside as validation set for early stopping. Must be between 0 and 1. Only used if early_stopping is True.
New in version 0.20.
- n_iter_no_changeint, default=5
Number of iterations with no improvement to wait before early stopping.
New in version 0.20.
- shufflebool, default=True
Whether or not the training data should be shuffled after each epoch.
- verboseinteger, default=0
The verbosity level
- lossstring, default=”hinge”
The loss function to be used: hinge: equivalent to PA-I in the reference paper. squared_hinge: equivalent to PA-II in the reference paper.
- n_jobsint or None, default=None
The number of CPUs to use to do the OVA (One Versus All, for multi-class problems) computation.
Nonemeans 1 unless in ajoblib.parallel_backendcontext.-1means using all processors. See Glossary for more details.- random_stateint, RandomState instance, default=None
Used to shuffle the training data, when
shuffleis set toTrue. Pass an int for reproducible output across multiple function calls. See Glossary.- warm_startbool, default=False
When set to True, reuse the solution of the previous call to fit as initialization, otherwise, just erase the previous solution. See the Glossary.
Repeatedly calling fit or partial_fit when warm_start is True can result in a different solution than when calling fit a single time because of the way the data is shuffled.
- class_weightdict, {class_label: weight} or “balanced” or None, default=None
Preset for the class_weight fit parameter.
Weights associated with classes. If not given, all classes are supposed to have weight one.
The “balanced” mode uses the values of y to automatically adjust weights inversely proportional to class frequencies in the input data as
n_samples / (n_classes * np.bincount(y))New in version 0.17: parameter class_weight to automatically weight samples.
- averagebool or int, default=False
When set to True, computes the averaged SGD weights and stores the result in the
coef_attribute. If set to an int greater than 1, averaging will begin once the total number of samples seen reaches average. So average=10 will begin averaging after seeing 10 samples.New in version 0.19: parameter average to use weights averaging in SGD
- Attributes
- coef_array, shape = [1, n_features] if n_classes == 2 else [n_classes, n_features]
Weights assigned to the features.
- intercept_array, shape = [1] if n_classes == 2 else [n_classes]
Constants in decision function.
- n_iter_int
The actual number of iterations to reach the stopping criterion. For multiclass fits, it is the maximum over every binary fit.
- classes_array of shape (n_classes,)
The unique classes labels.
- t_int
Number of weight updates performed during training. Same as
(n_iter_ * n_samples).- loss_function_callable
Loss function used by the algorithm.
See also
References
Online Passive-Aggressive Algorithms <http://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/papers/volume7/crammer06a/crammer06a.pdf> K. Crammer, O. Dekel, J. Keshat, S. Shalev-Shwartz, Y. Singer - JMLR (2006)
Examples
>>> from sklearn.linear_model import PassiveAggressiveClassifier >>> from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
>>> X, y = make_classification(n_features=4, random_state=0) >>> clf = PassiveAggressiveClassifier(max_iter=1000, random_state=0, ... tol=1e-3) >>> clf.fit(X, y) PassiveAggressiveClassifier(random_state=0) >>> print(clf.coef_) [[0.26642044 0.45070924 0.67251877 0.64185414]] >>> print(clf.intercept_) [1.84127814] >>> print(clf.predict([[0, 0, 0, 0]])) [1]
Methods
Predict confidence scores for samples.
densify()Convert coefficient matrix to dense array format.
fit(X, y[, coef_init, intercept_init])Fit linear model with Passive Aggressive algorithm.
get_params([deep])Get parameters for this estimator.
partial_fit(X, y[, classes])Fit linear model with Passive Aggressive algorithm.
predict(X)Predict class labels for samples in X.
score(X, y[, sample_weight])Return the mean accuracy on the given test data and labels.
set_params(**kwargs)Set and validate the parameters of estimator.
sparsify()Convert coefficient matrix to sparse format.
-
decision_function(X)[source]¶ Predict confidence scores for samples.
The confidence score for a sample is proportional to the signed distance of that sample to the hyperplane.
- Parameters
- Xarray-like or sparse matrix, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Samples.
- Returns
- array, shape=(n_samples,) if n_classes == 2 else (n_samples, n_classes)
Confidence scores per (sample, class) combination. In the binary case, confidence score for self.classes_[1] where >0 means this class would be predicted.
-
densify()[source]¶ Convert coefficient matrix to dense array format.
Converts the
coef_member (back) to a numpy.ndarray. This is the default format ofcoef_and is required for fitting, so calling this method is only required on models that have previously been sparsified; otherwise, it is a no-op.- Returns
- self
Fitted estimator.
-
fit(X, y, coef_init=None, intercept_init=None)[source]¶ Fit linear model with Passive Aggressive algorithm.
- Parameters
- X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Training data
- ynumpy array of shape [n_samples]
Target values
- coef_initarray, shape = [n_classes,n_features]
The initial coefficients to warm-start the optimization.
- intercept_initarray, shape = [n_classes]
The initial intercept to warm-start the optimization.
- Returns
- selfreturns an instance of self.
-
get_params(deep=True)[source]¶ Get parameters for this estimator.
- Parameters
- deepbool, default=True
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
- Returns
- paramsdict
Parameter names mapped to their values.
-
partial_fit(X, y, classes=None)[source]¶ Fit linear model with Passive Aggressive algorithm.
- Parameters
- X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Subset of the training data
- ynumpy array of shape [n_samples]
Subset of the target values
- classesarray, shape = [n_classes]
Classes across all calls to partial_fit. Can be obtained by via
np.unique(y_all), where y_all is the target vector of the entire dataset. This argument is required for the first call to partial_fit and can be omitted in the subsequent calls. Note that y doesn’t need to contain all labels inclasses.
- Returns
- selfreturns an instance of self.
-
predict(X)[source]¶ Predict class labels for samples in X.
- Parameters
- Xarray-like or sparse matrix, shape (n_samples, n_features)
Samples.
- Returns
- Carray, shape [n_samples]
Predicted class label per sample.
-
score(X, y, sample_weight=None)[source]¶ Return the mean accuracy on the given test data and labels.
In multi-label classification, this is the subset accuracy which is a harsh metric since you require for each sample that each label set be correctly predicted.
- Parameters
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Test samples.
- yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs)
True labels for
X.- sample_weightarray-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None
Sample weights.
- Returns
- scorefloat
Mean accuracy of
self.predict(X)wrt.y.
-
set_params(**kwargs)[source]¶ Set and validate the parameters of estimator.
- Parameters
- **kwargsdict
Estimator parameters.
- Returns
- selfobject
Estimator instance.
-
sparsify()[source]¶ Convert coefficient matrix to sparse format.
Converts the
coef_member to a scipy.sparse matrix, which for L1-regularized models can be much more memory- and storage-efficient than the usual numpy.ndarray representation.The
intercept_member is not converted.- Returns
- self
Fitted estimator.
Notes
For non-sparse models, i.e. when there are not many zeros in
coef_, this may actually increase memory usage, so use this method with care. A rule of thumb is that the number of zero elements, which can be computed with(coef_ == 0).sum(), must be more than 50% for this to provide significant benefits.After calling this method, further fitting with the partial_fit method (if any) will not work until you call densify.
