3.2.3.3.1. `sklearn.ensemble`.RandomForestClassifier¶

class sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=10, criterion='gini', max_depth=None, min_samples_split=2, min_samples_leaf=1, max_features='auto', max_leaf_nodes=None, bootstrap=True, oob_score=False, n_jobs=1, random_state=None, verbose=0, min_density=None, compute_importances=None)¶

A random forest classifier.

A random forest is a meta estimator that fits a number of decision tree classifiers on various sub-samples of the dataset and use averaging to improve the predictive accuracy and control over-fitting.

Parameters:

n_estimators : integer, optional (default=10)

The number of trees in the forest.

criterion : string, optional (default=”gini”)

The function to measure the quality of a split. Supported criteria are “gini” for the Gini impurity and “entropy” for the information gain. Note: this parameter is tree-specific.

max_features : int, float, string or None, optional (default=”auto”)

The number of features to consider when looking for the best split:

If int, then consider max_features features at each split.

If float, then max_features is a percentage and int(max_features * n_features) features are considered at each split.

If “auto”, then max_features=sqrt(n_features).

If “sqrt”, then max_features=sqrt(n_features).

If “log2”, then max_features=log2(n_features).

If None, then max_features=n_features.

Note: the search for a split does not stop until at least one valid partition of the node samples is found, even if it requires to effectively inspect more than max_features features. Note: this parameter is tree-specific.

max_depth : integer or None, optional (default=None)

The maximum depth of the tree. If None, then nodes are expanded until all leaves are pure or until all leaves contain less than min_samples_split samples. Ignored if max_samples_leaf is not None. Note: this parameter is tree-specific.

min_samples_split : integer, optional (default=2)

The minimum number of samples required to split an internal node. Note: this parameter is tree-specific.

min_samples_leaf : integer, optional (default=1)

The minimum number of samples in newly created leaves. A split is discarded if after the split, one of the leaves would contain less then min_samples_leaf samples. Note: this parameter is tree-specific.

max_leaf_nodes : int or None, optional (default=None)

Grow trees with max_leaf_nodes in best-first fashion. Best nodes are defined as relative reduction in impurity. If None then unlimited number of leaf nodes. If not None then max_depth will be ignored. Note: this parameter is tree-specific.

bootstrap : boolean, optional (default=True)

Whether bootstrap samples are used when building trees.

oob_score : bool

Whether to use out-of-bag samples to estimate the generalization error.

n_jobs : integer, optional (default=1)

The number of jobs to run in parallel for both fit and predict. If -1, then the number of jobs is set to the number of cores.

random_state : int, RandomState instance or None, optional (default=None)

If int, random_state is the seed used by the random number generator; If RandomState instance, random_state is the random number generator; If None, the random number generator is the RandomState instance used by np.random.

verbose : int, optional (default=0)

Controls the verbosity of the tree building process.

Attributes:

`estimators_`: list of DecisionTreeClassifier :

The collection of fitted sub-estimators.

`classes_`: array of shape = [n_classes] or a list of such arrays :

The classes labels (single output problem), or a list of arrays of class labels (multi-output problem).

`n_classes_`: int or list :

The number of classes (single output problem), or a list containing the number of classes for each output (multi-output problem).

`feature_importances_` : array of shape = [n_features]

The feature importances (the higher, the more important the feature).

`oob_score_` : float

Score of the training dataset obtained using an out-of-bag estimate.

`oob_decision_function_` : array of shape = [n_samples, n_classes]

Decision function computed with out-of-bag estimate on the training set. If n_estimators is small it might be possible that a data point was never left out during the bootstrap. In this case, oob_decision_function_ might contain NaN.

See also

DecisionTreeClassifier, ExtraTreesClassifier

References

[R29]

Breiman, “Random Forests”, Machine Learning, 45(1), 5-32, 2001.

Methods

`apply`(X)	Apply trees in the forest to X, return leaf indices.
`fit`(X, y[, sample_weight])	Build a forest of trees from the training set (X, y).
`fit_transform`(X[, y])	Fit to data, then transform it.
`get_params`([deep])	Get parameters for this estimator.
`predict`(X)	Predict class for X.
`predict_log_proba`(X)	Predict class log-probabilities for X.
`predict_proba`(X)	Predict class probabilities for X.
`score`(X, y[, sample_weight])	Returns the mean accuracy on the given test data and labels.
`set_params`(**params)	Set the parameters of this estimator.
`transform`(X[, threshold])	Reduce X to its most important features.

__init__(n_estimators=10, criterion='gini', max_depth=None, min_samples_split=2, min_samples_leaf=1, max_features='auto', max_leaf_nodes=None, bootstrap=True, oob_score=False, n_jobs=1, random_state=None, verbose=0, min_density=None, compute_importances=None)¶

apply(X)¶

Apply trees in the forest to X, return leaf indices.

Parameters:

X : array-like, shape = [n_samples, n_features]

Input data.

Returns:

X_leaves : array_like, shape = [n_samples, n_estimators]

For each datapoint x in X and for each tree in the forest, return the index of the leaf x ends up in.

feature_importances_¶

Return the feature importances (the higher, the more important the: feature).

Returns:	feature_importances_ : array, shape = [n_features]

fit(X, y, sample_weight=None)¶

Build a forest of trees from the training set (X, y).

Parameters:

X : array-like of shape = [n_samples, n_features]

The training input samples.

y : array-like, shape = [n_samples] or [n_samples, n_outputs]

The target values (class labels in classification, real numbers in regression).

sample_weight : array-like, shape = [n_samples] or None

Sample weights. If None, then samples are equally weighted. Splits that would create child nodes with net zero or negative weight are ignored while searching for a split in each node. In the case of classification, splits are also ignored if they would result in any single class carrying a negative weight in either child node.

Returns:

self : object

Returns self.

fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)¶

Fit to data, then transform it.

Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.

Parameters:

X : numpy array of shape [n_samples, n_features]

Training set.

y : numpy array of shape [n_samples]

Target values.

Returns:

X_new : numpy array of shape [n_samples, n_features_new]

Transformed array.

get_params(deep=True)¶

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deep: boolean, optional :

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

params : mapping of string to any

Parameter names mapped to their values.

predict(X)¶

Predict class for X.

The predicted class of an input sample is computed as the majority prediction of the trees in the forest.

Parameters:

X : array-like of shape = [n_samples, n_features]

The input samples.

Returns:

y : array of shape = [n_samples] or [n_samples, n_outputs]

The predicted classes.

predict_log_proba(X)¶

Predict class log-probabilities for X.

The predicted class log-probabilities of an input sample is computed as the log of the mean predicted class probabilities of the trees in the forest.

Parameters:

X : array-like of shape = [n_samples, n_features]

The input samples.

Returns:

p : array of shape = [n_samples, n_classes], or a list of n_outputs

such arrays if n_outputs > 1. The class probabilities of the input samples. The order of the classes corresponds to that in the attribute classes_.

predict_proba(X)¶

Predict class probabilities for X.

The predicted class probabilities of an input sample is computed as the mean predicted class probabilities of the trees in the forest.

Parameters:

X : array-like of shape = [n_samples, n_features]

The input samples.

Returns:

p : array of shape = [n_samples, n_classes], or a list of n_outputs

such arrays if n_outputs > 1. The class probabilities of the input samples. The order of the classes corresponds to that in the attribute classes_.

score(X, y, sample_weight=None)¶

Returns the mean accuracy on the given test data and labels.

Parameters:

X : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_features)

Test samples.

y : array-like, shape = (n_samples,)

True labels for X.

sample_weight : array-like, shape = [n_samples], optional

Sample weights.

Returns:

score : float

Mean accuracy of self.predict(X) wrt. y.

set_params(**params)¶

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as pipelines). The former have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Returns:	self :

transform(X, threshold=None)¶

Reduce X to its most important features.

Parameters:

X : array or scipy sparse matrix of shape [n_samples, n_features]

The input samples.

threshold : string, float or None, optional (default=None)

The threshold value to use for feature selection. Features whose importance is greater or equal are kept while the others are discarded. If “median” (resp. “mean”), then the threshold value is the median (resp. the mean) of the feature importances. A scaling factor (e.g., “1.25*mean”) may also be used. If None and if available, the object attribute threshold is used. Otherwise, “mean” is used by default.

Returns:

X_r : array of shape [n_samples, n_selected_features]