`sklearn.preprocessing`.QuantileTransformer¶

class sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer(*, n_quantiles=1000, output_distribution='uniform', ignore_implicit_zeros=False, subsample=10000, random_state=None, copy=True)[source]¶

Transform features using quantiles information.

This method transforms the features to follow a uniform or a normal distribution. Therefore, for a given feature, this transformation tends to spread out the most frequent values. It also reduces the impact of (marginal) outliers: this is therefore a robust preprocessing scheme.

The transformation is applied on each feature independently. First an estimate of the cumulative distribution function of a feature is used to map the original values to a uniform distribution. The obtained values are then mapped to the desired output distribution using the associated quantile function. Features values of new/unseen data that fall below or above the fitted range will be mapped to the bounds of the output distribution. Note that this transform is non-linear. It may distort linear correlations between variables measured at the same scale but renders variables measured at different scales more directly comparable.

For example visualizations, refer to Compare QuantileTransformer with other scalers.

See also

quantile_transform: Equivalent function without the estimator API.
PowerTransformer: Perform mapping to a normal distribution using a power transform.
StandardScaler: Perform standardization that is faster, but less robust to outliers.
RobustScaler: Perform robust standardization that removes the influence of outliers but does not put outliers and inliers on the same scale.

Notes

NaNs are treated as missing values: disregarded in fit, and maintained in transform.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.preprocessing import QuantileTransformer
>>> rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
>>> X = np.sort(rng.normal(loc=0.5, scale=0.25, size=(25, 1)), axis=0)
>>> qt = QuantileTransformer(n_quantiles=10, random_state=0)
>>> qt.fit_transform(X)
array([...])

Methods

`fit`(X[, y])	Compute the quantiles used for transforming.
`fit_transform`(X[, y])	Fit to data, then transform it.
`get_feature_names_out`([input_features])	Get output feature names for transformation.
`get_metadata_routing`()	Get metadata routing of this object.
`get_params`([deep])	Get parameters for this estimator.
`inverse_transform`(X)	Back-projection to the original space.
`set_output`(*[, transform])	Set output container.
`set_params`(**params)	Set the parameters of this estimator.
`transform`(X)	Feature-wise transformation of the data.

fit(X, y=None)[source]¶

Compute the quantiles used for transforming.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The data used to scale along the features axis. If a sparse matrix is provided, it will be converted into a sparse csc_matrix. Additionally, the sparse matrix needs to be nonnegative if ignore_implicit_zeros is False.
yNone: Ignored.

Returns:

selfobject: Fitted transformer.

fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)[source]¶

Fit to data, then transform it.

Fits transformer to X and y with optional parameters fit_params and returns a transformed version of X.

Parameters:

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features): Input samples.
yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs), default=None: Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).
**fit_paramsdict: Additional fit parameters.

Returns:

X_newndarray array of shape (n_samples, n_features_new): Transformed array.

get_feature_names_out(input_features=None)[source]¶

Get output feature names for transformation.

Parameters:

input_featuresarray-like of str or None, default=None

Input features.

If input_features is None, then feature_names_in_ is used as feature names in. If feature_names_in_ is not defined, then the following input feature names are generated: ["x0", "x1", ..., "x(n_features_in_ - 1)"].
If input_features is an array-like, then input_features must match feature_names_in_ if feature_names_in_ is defined.

Returns:

feature_names_outndarray of str objects: Same as input features.

get_metadata_routing()[source]¶

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:

routingMetadataRequest: A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)[source]¶

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deepbool, default=True: If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

paramsdict: Parameter names mapped to their values.

inverse_transform(X)[source]¶

Back-projection to the original space.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The data used to scale along the features axis. If a sparse matrix is provided, it will be converted into a sparse csc_matrix. Additionally, the sparse matrix needs to be nonnegative if ignore_implicit_zeros is False.

Returns:

Xt{ndarray, sparse matrix} of (n_samples, n_features): The projected data.

set_output(*, transform=None)[source]¶

Set output container.

See Introducing the set_output API for an example on how to use the API.

Parameters:

transform{“default”, “pandas”}, default=None

Configure output of transform and fit_transform.

"default": Default output format of a transformer
"pandas": DataFrame output
"polars": Polars output
None: Transform configuration is unchanged

New in version 1.4: "polars" option was added.

Returns:

selfestimator instance: Estimator instance.

set_params(**params)[source]¶

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:

**paramsdict: Estimator parameters.

Returns:

selfestimator instance: Estimator instance.

transform(X)[source]¶

Feature-wise transformation of the data.

Parameters:

X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The data used to scale along the features axis. If a sparse matrix is provided, it will be converted into a sparse csc_matrix. Additionally, the sparse matrix needs to be nonnegative if ignore_implicit_zeros is False.

Returns:

Xt{ndarray, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features): The projected data.

Examples using `sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer`¶

Partial Dependence and Individual Conditional Expectation Plots

Effect of transforming the targets in regression model

Compare the effect of different scalers on data with outliers

Map data to a normal distribution

sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer¶

Examples using sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer¶

`sklearn.preprocessing`.QuantileTransformer¶

Examples using `sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer`¶