`sklearn.covariance`.LedoitWolf¶

class sklearn.covariance.LedoitWolf(*, store_precision=True, assume_centered=False, block_size=1000)[source]¶

LedoitWolf Estimator.

Ledoit-Wolf is a particular form of shrinkage, where the shrinkage coefficient is computed using O. Ledoit and M. Wolf’s formula as described in “A Well-Conditioned Estimator for Large-Dimensional Covariance Matrices”, Ledoit and Wolf, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Volume 88, Issue 2, February 2004, pages 365-411.

See also

EllipticEnvelope: An object for detecting outliers in a Gaussian distributed dataset.
EmpiricalCovariance: Maximum likelihood covariance estimator.
GraphicalLasso: Sparse inverse covariance estimation with an l1-penalized estimator.
GraphicalLassoCV: Sparse inverse covariance with cross-validated choice of the l1 penalty.
MinCovDet: Minimum Covariance Determinant (robust estimator of covariance).
OAS: Oracle Approximating Shrinkage Estimator.
ShrunkCovariance: Covariance estimator with shrinkage.

Notes

The regularised covariance is:

(1 - shrinkage) * cov + shrinkage * mu * np.identity(n_features)

where mu = trace(cov) / n_features and shrinkage is given by the Ledoit and Wolf formula (see References)

References

“A Well-Conditioned Estimator for Large-Dimensional Covariance Matrices”, Ledoit and Wolf, Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Volume 88, Issue 2, February 2004, pages 365-411.

Examples

>>> import numpy as np
>>> from sklearn.covariance import LedoitWolf
>>> real_cov = np.array([[.4, .2],
...                      [.2, .8]])
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> X = np.random.multivariate_normal(mean=[0, 0],
...                                   cov=real_cov,
...                                   size=50)
>>> cov = LedoitWolf().fit(X)
>>> cov.covariance_
array([[0.4406..., 0.1616...],
       [0.1616..., 0.8022...]])
>>> cov.location_
array([ 0.0595... , -0.0075...])

Methods

`error_norm`(comp_cov[, norm, scaling, squared])	Compute the Mean Squared Error between two covariance estimators.
`fit`(X[, y])	Fit the Ledoit-Wolf shrunk covariance model to X.
`get_metadata_routing`()	Get metadata routing of this object.
`get_params`([deep])	Get parameters for this estimator.
`get_precision`()	Getter for the precision matrix.
`mahalanobis`(X)	Compute the squared Mahalanobis distances of given observations.
`score`(X_test[, y])	Compute the log-likelihood of `X_test` under the estimated Gaussian model.
`set_params`(**params)	Set the parameters of this estimator.
`set_score_request`(*[, X_test])	Request metadata passed to the `score` method.

error_norm(comp_cov, norm='frobenius', scaling=True, squared=True)[source]¶

Compute the Mean Squared Error between two covariance estimators.

Parameters:

comp_covarray-like of shape (n_features, n_features): The covariance to compare with.
norm{“frobenius”, “spectral”}, default=”frobenius”: The type of norm used to compute the error. Available error types: - ‘frobenius’ (default): sqrt(tr(A^t.A)) - ‘spectral’: sqrt(max(eigenvalues(A^t.A)) where A is the error (comp_cov - self.covariance_).
scalingbool, default=True: If True (default), the squared error norm is divided by n_features. If False, the squared error norm is not rescaled.
squaredbool, default=True: Whether to compute the squared error norm or the error norm. If True (default), the squared error norm is returned. If False, the error norm is returned.

Returns:

resultfloat: The Mean Squared Error (in the sense of the Frobenius norm) between self and comp_cov covariance estimators.

fit(X, y=None)[source]¶

Fit the Ledoit-Wolf shrunk covariance model to X.

Parameters:

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features): Training data, where n_samples is the number of samples and n_features is the number of features.
yIgnored: Not used, present for API consistency by convention.

Returns:

selfobject: Returns the instance itself.

get_metadata_routing()[source]¶

Get metadata routing of this object.

Please check User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

Returns:

routingMetadataRequest: A MetadataRequest encapsulating routing information.

get_params(deep=True)[source]¶

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deepbool, default=True: If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

paramsdict: Parameter names mapped to their values.

get_precision()[source]¶

Getter for the precision matrix.

Returns:

precision_array-like of shape (n_features, n_features): The precision matrix associated to the current covariance object.

mahalanobis(X)[source]¶

Compute the squared Mahalanobis distances of given observations.

Parameters:

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features): The observations, the Mahalanobis distances of the which we compute. Observations are assumed to be drawn from the same distribution than the data used in fit.

Returns:

distndarray of shape (n_samples,): Squared Mahalanobis distances of the observations.

score(X_test, y=None)[source]¶

Compute the log-likelihood of X_test under the estimated Gaussian model.

The Gaussian model is defined by its mean and covariance matrix which are represented respectively by self.location_ and self.covariance_.

Parameters:

X_testarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features): Test data of which we compute the likelihood, where n_samples is the number of samples and n_features is the number of features. X_test is assumed to be drawn from the same distribution than the data used in fit (including centering).
yIgnored: Not used, present for API consistency by convention.

Returns:

resfloat: The log-likelihood of X_test with self.location_ and self.covariance_ as estimators of the Gaussian model mean and covariance matrix respectively.

set_params(**params)[source]¶

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters:

**paramsdict: Estimator parameters.

Returns:

selfestimator instance: Estimator instance.

set_score_request(*, X_test: bool | None | str = '$UNCHANGED$') → LedoitWolf[source]¶

Request metadata passed to the score method.

Note that this method is only relevant if enable_metadata_routing=True (see sklearn.set_config). Please see User Guide on how the routing mechanism works.

The options for each parameter are:

True: metadata is requested, and passed to score if provided. The request is ignored if metadata is not provided.
False: metadata is not requested and the meta-estimator will not pass it to score.
None: metadata is not requested, and the meta-estimator will raise an error if the user provides it.
str: metadata should be passed to the meta-estimator with this given alias instead of the original name.

The default (sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED) retains the existing request. This allows you to change the request for some parameters and not others.

New in version 1.3.

Note

This method is only relevant if this estimator is used as a sub-estimator of a meta-estimator, e.g. used inside a Pipeline. Otherwise it has no effect.

Parameters:

X_teststr, True, False, or None, default=sklearn.utils.metadata_routing.UNCHANGED: Metadata routing for X_test parameter in score.

Returns:

selfobject: The updated object.

Examples using `sklearn.covariance.LedoitWolf`¶

Ledoit-Wolf vs OAS estimation

Shrinkage covariance estimation: LedoitWolf vs OAS and max-likelihood

Model selection with Probabilistic PCA and Factor Analysis (FA)

sklearn.covariance.LedoitWolf¶

Examples using sklearn.covariance.LedoitWolf¶

`sklearn.covariance`.LedoitWolf¶

Examples using `sklearn.covariance.LedoitWolf`¶