Plot the support vectors in LinearSVC¶

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import make_blobs
from sklearn.svm import LinearSVC

X, y = make_blobs(n_samples=40, centers=2, random_state=0)

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
for i, C in enumerate([1, 100]):
    # "hinge" is the standard SVM loss
    clf = LinearSVC(C=C, loss="hinge", random_state=42).fit(X, y)
    # obtain the support vectors through the decision function
    decision_function = clf.decision_function(X)
    # we can also calculate the decision function manually
    # decision_function = np.dot(X, clf.coef_[0]) + clf.intercept_[0]
    support_vector_indices = np.where((2 * y - 1) * decision_function <= 1)[0]
    support_vectors = X[support_vector_indices]

    plt.subplot(1, 2, i + 1)
    plt.scatter(X[:, 0], X[:, 1], c=y, s=30, cmap=plt.cm.Paired)
    ax = plt.gca()
    xlim = ax.get_xlim()
    ylim = ax.get_ylim()
    xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.linspace(xlim[0], xlim[1], 50),
                         np.linspace(ylim[0], ylim[1], 50))
    Z = clf.decision_function(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
    Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
    plt.contour(xx, yy, Z, colors='k', levels=[-1, 0, 1], alpha=0.5,
                linestyles=['--', '-', '--'])
    plt.scatter(support_vectors[:, 0], support_vectors[:, 1], s=100,
                linewidth=1, facecolors='none', edgecolors='k')
    plt.title("C=" + str(C))
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()