sklearn.linear_model.Lars

class sklearn.linear_model.Lars(fit_intercept=True, verbose=False, normalize=True, precompute='auto', n_nonzero_coefs=500, eps=2.220446049250313e-16, copy_X=True, fit_path=True, positive=False)

Least Angle Regression model a.k.a. LAR

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters:

fit_intercept : boolean

Whether to calculate the intercept for this model. If set to false, no intercept will be used in calculations (e.g. data is expected to be already centered).

verbose : boolean or integer, optional

Sets the verbosity amount

normalize : boolean, optional, default True

This parameter is ignored when fit_intercept is set to False. If True, the regressors X will be normalized before regression by subtracting the mean and dividing by the l2-norm. If you wish to standardize, please use sklearn.preprocessing.StandardScaler before calling fit on an estimator with normalize=False.

precompute : True | False | ‘auto’ | array-like

Whether to use a precomputed Gram matrix to speed up calculations. If set to 'auto' let us decide. The Gram matrix can also be passed as argument.

n_nonzero_coefs : int, optional

Target number of non-zero coefficients. Use np.inf for no limit.

eps : float, optional

The machine-precision regularization in the computation of the Cholesky diagonal factors. Increase this for very ill-conditioned systems. Unlike the tol parameter in some iterative optimization-based algorithms, this parameter does not control the tolerance of the optimization.

copy_X : boolean, optional, default True

If True, X will be copied; else, it may be overwritten.

fit_path : boolean

If True the full path is stored in the coef_path_ attribute. If you compute the solution for a large problem or many targets, setting fit_path to False will lead to a speedup, especially with a small alpha.

positive : boolean (default=False)

Restrict coefficients to be >= 0. Be aware that you might want to remove fit_intercept which is set True by default.

Deprecated since version 0.20: The option is broken and deprecated. It will be removed in v0.22.

Attributes:

alphas_ : array, shape (n_alphas + 1,) | list of n_targets such arrays

Maximum of covariances (in absolute value) at each iteration. n_alphas is either n_nonzero_coefs or n_features, whichever is smaller.

active_ : list, length = n_alphas | list of n_targets such lists

Indices of active variables at the end of the path.

coef_path_ : array, shape (n_features, n_alphas + 1) | list of n_targets such arrays

The varying values of the coefficients along the path. It is not present if the fit_path parameter is False.

coef_ : array, shape (n_features,) or (n_targets, n_features)

Parameter vector (w in the formulation formula).

intercept_ : float | array, shape (n_targets,)

Independent term in decision function.

n_iter_ : array-like or int

The number of iterations taken by lars_path to find the grid of alphas for each target.

See also

lars_path, LarsCV, sklearn.decomposition.sparse_encode

Examples

>>> from sklearn import linear_model
>>> reg = linear_model.Lars(n_nonzero_coefs=1)
>>> reg.fit([[-1, 1], [0, 0], [1, 1]], [-1.1111, 0, -1.1111])
... 
Lars(copy_X=True, eps=..., fit_intercept=True, fit_path=True,
   n_nonzero_coefs=1, normalize=True, positive=False, precompute='auto',
   verbose=False)
>>> print(reg.coef_) 
[ 0. -1.11...]

Methods

fit(X, y[, Xy])	Fit the model using X, y as training data.
get_params([deep])	Get parameters for this estimator.
predict(X)	Predict using the linear model
score(X, y[, sample_weight])	Returns the coefficient of determination R^2 of the prediction.
set_params(**params)	Set the parameters of this estimator.

__init__(fit_intercept=True, verbose=False, normalize=True, precompute='auto', n_nonzero_coefs=500, eps=2.220446049250313e-16, copy_X=True, fit_path=True, positive=False)

fit(X, y, Xy=None)

Fit the model using X, y as training data.

Parameters:

X : array-like, shape (n_samples, n_features)

Training data.

y : array-like, shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_targets)

Target values.

Xy : array-like, shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_targets), optional

Xy = np.dot(X.T, y) that can be precomputed. It is useful only when the Gram matrix is precomputed.

Returns:

self : object

returns an instance of self.

get_params(deep=True)

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters:

deep : boolean, optional

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns:

params : mapping of string to any

Parameter names mapped to their values.

predict(X)

Predict using the linear model

Parameters:

X : array_like or sparse matrix, shape (n_samples, n_features)

Samples.

Returns:

C : array, shape (n_samples,)

Returns predicted values.

score(X, y, sample_weight=None)

Returns the coefficient of determination R^2 of the prediction.

The coefficient R^2 is defined as (1 - u/v), where u is the residual sum of squares ((y_true - y_pred) ** 2).sum() and v is the total sum of squares ((y_true - y_true.mean()) ** 2).sum(). The best possible score is 1.0 and it can be negative (because the model can be arbitrarily worse). A constant model that always predicts the expected value of y, disregarding the input features, would get a R^2 score of 0.0.

Parameters:

X : array-like, shape = (n_samples, n_features)

Test samples. For some estimators this may be a precomputed kernel matrix instead, shape = (n_samples, n_samples_fitted], where n_samples_fitted is the number of samples used in the fitting for the estimator.

y : array-like, shape = (n_samples) or (n_samples, n_outputs)

True values for X.

sample_weight : array-like, shape = [n_samples], optional

Sample weights.

Returns:

score : float

R^2 of self.predict(X) wrt. y.

set_params(**params)

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as pipelines). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Returns:

self