.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "auto_examples/semi_supervised/plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note :ref:`Go to the end ` to download the full example code. or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite or Binder .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_auto_examples_semi_supervised_plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.py: ======================================== Label Propagation digits active learning ======================================== Demonstrates an active learning technique to learn handwritten digits using label propagation. We start by training a label propagation model with only 10 labeled points, then we select the top five most uncertain points to label. Next, we train with 15 labeled points (original 10 + 5 new ones). We repeat this process four times to have a model trained with 30 labeled examples. Note you can increase this to label more than 30 by changing `max_iterations`. Labeling more than 30 can be useful to get a sense for the speed of convergence of this active learning technique. A plot will appear showing the top 5 most uncertain digits for each iteration of training. These may or may not contain mistakes, but we will train the next model with their true labels. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 22-126 .. image-sg:: /auto_examples/semi_supervised/images/sphx_glr_plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning_001.png :alt: Active learning with Label Propagation. Rows show 5 most uncertain labels to learn with the next model., predict: 1 true: 1, predict: 2 true: 1, predict: 1 true: 1, predict: 1 true: 1, predict: 3 true: 3, predict: 4 true: 4, predict: 4 true: 4, predict: 4 true: 4, predict: 8 true: 2, predict: 8 true: 7, predict: 2 true: 2, predict: 9 true: 5, predict: 9 true: 5, predict: 5 true: 9, predict: 7 true: 7, predict: 8 true: 8, predict: 1 true: 8, predict: 3 true: 3, predict: 4 true: 4, predict: 8 true: 8, predict: 1 true: 1, predict: 1 true: 1, predict: 7 true: 7, predict: 7 true: 7, predict: 1 true: 1 :srcset: /auto_examples/semi_supervised/images/sphx_glr_plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning_001.png :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out .. code-block:: none Iteration 0 ______________________________________________________________________ Label Spreading model: 40 labeled & 290 unlabeled (330 total) precision recall f1-score support 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 22 1 0.78 0.69 0.73 26 2 0.93 0.93 0.93 29 3 1.00 0.89 0.94 27 4 0.92 0.96 0.94 23 5 0.96 0.70 0.81 33 6 0.97 0.97 0.97 35 7 0.94 0.91 0.92 33 8 0.62 0.89 0.74 28 9 0.73 0.79 0.76 34 accuracy 0.87 290 macro avg 0.89 0.87 0.87 290 weighted avg 0.88 0.87 0.87 290 Confusion matrix [[22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 18 2 0 0 0 1 0 5 0] [ 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 2 0] [ 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 3 0] [ 0 1 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 10] [ 0 1 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 3 0] [ 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0] [ 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 27]] Iteration 1 ______________________________________________________________________ Label Spreading model: 45 labeled & 285 unlabeled (330 total) precision recall f1-score support 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 22 1 0.79 1.00 0.88 22 2 1.00 0.93 0.96 29 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 26 4 0.92 0.96 0.94 23 5 0.96 0.70 0.81 33 6 1.00 0.97 0.99 35 7 0.94 0.91 0.92 33 8 0.77 0.86 0.81 28 9 0.73 0.79 0.76 34 accuracy 0.90 285 macro avg 0.91 0.91 0.91 285 weighted avg 0.91 0.90 0.90 285 Confusion matrix [[22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 2 0] [ 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 1 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 10] [ 0 1 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 3 0] [ 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0] [ 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 27]] Iteration 2 ______________________________________________________________________ Label Spreading model: 50 labeled & 280 unlabeled (330 total) precision recall f1-score support 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 22 1 0.85 1.00 0.92 22 2 1.00 1.00 1.00 28 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 26 4 0.87 1.00 0.93 20 5 0.96 0.70 0.81 33 6 1.00 0.97 0.99 35 7 0.94 1.00 0.97 32 8 0.92 0.86 0.89 28 9 0.73 0.79 0.76 34 accuracy 0.92 280 macro avg 0.93 0.93 0.93 280 weighted avg 0.93 0.92 0.92 280 Confusion matrix [[22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 10] [ 0 1 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0] [ 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 24 0] [ 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 27]] Iteration 3 ______________________________________________________________________ Label Spreading model: 55 labeled & 275 unlabeled (330 total) precision recall f1-score support 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 22 1 0.85 1.00 0.92 22 2 1.00 1.00 1.00 27 3 1.00 1.00 1.00 26 4 0.87 1.00 0.93 20 5 0.96 0.87 0.92 31 6 1.00 0.97 0.99 35 7 1.00 1.00 1.00 31 8 0.92 0.86 0.89 28 9 0.88 0.85 0.86 33 accuracy 0.95 275 macro avg 0.95 0.95 0.95 275 weighted avg 0.95 0.95 0.95 275 Confusion matrix [[22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 4] [ 0 1 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0] [ 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 24 0] [ 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 28]] Iteration 4 ______________________________________________________________________ Label Spreading model: 60 labeled & 270 unlabeled (330 total) precision recall f1-score support 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 22 1 0.96 1.00 0.98 22 2 1.00 0.96 0.98 27 3 0.96 1.00 0.98 25 4 0.86 1.00 0.93 19 5 0.96 0.87 0.92 31 6 1.00 0.97 0.99 35 7 1.00 1.00 1.00 31 8 0.92 0.96 0.94 25 9 0.88 0.85 0.86 33 accuracy 0.96 270 macro avg 0.95 0.96 0.96 270 weighted avg 0.96 0.96 0.96 270 Confusion matrix [[22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 26 1 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 4] [ 0 1 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0] [ 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 24 0] [ 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 28]] | .. code-block:: Python # Authors: The scikit-learn developers # SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from scipy import stats from sklearn import datasets from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix from sklearn.semi_supervised import LabelSpreading digits = datasets.load_digits() rng = np.random.RandomState(0) indices = np.arange(len(digits.data)) rng.shuffle(indices) X = digits.data[indices[:330]] y = digits.target[indices[:330]] images = digits.images[indices[:330]] n_total_samples = len(y) n_labeled_points = 40 max_iterations = 5 unlabeled_indices = np.arange(n_total_samples)[n_labeled_points:] f = plt.figure() for i in range(max_iterations): if len(unlabeled_indices) == 0: print("No unlabeled items left to label.") break y_train = np.copy(y) y_train[unlabeled_indices] = -1 lp_model = LabelSpreading(gamma=0.25, max_iter=20) lp_model.fit(X, y_train) predicted_labels = lp_model.transduction_[unlabeled_indices] true_labels = y[unlabeled_indices] cm = confusion_matrix(true_labels, predicted_labels, labels=lp_model.classes_) print("Iteration %i %s" % (i, 70 * "_")) print( "Label Spreading model: %d labeled & %d unlabeled (%d total)" % (n_labeled_points, n_total_samples - n_labeled_points, n_total_samples) ) print(classification_report(true_labels, predicted_labels)) print("Confusion matrix") print(cm) # compute the entropies of transduced label distributions pred_entropies = stats.distributions.entropy(lp_model.label_distributions_.T) # select up to 5 digit examples that the classifier is most uncertain about uncertainty_index = np.argsort(pred_entropies)[::-1] uncertainty_index = uncertainty_index[ np.isin(uncertainty_index, unlabeled_indices) ][:5] # keep track of indices that we get labels for delete_indices = np.array([], dtype=int) # for more than 5 iterations, visualize the gain only on the first 5 if i < 5: f.text( 0.05, (1 - (i + 1) * 0.183), "model %d\n\nfit with\n%d labels" % ((i + 1), i * 5 + 10), size=10, ) for index, image_index in enumerate(uncertainty_index): image = images[image_index] # for more than 5 iterations, visualize the gain only on the first 5 if i < 5: sub = f.add_subplot(5, 5, index + 1 + (5 * i)) sub.imshow(image, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r, interpolation="none") sub.set_title( "predict: %i\ntrue: %i" % (lp_model.transduction_[image_index], y[image_index]), size=10, ) sub.axis("off") # labeling 5 points, remote from labeled set (delete_index,) = np.where(unlabeled_indices == image_index) delete_indices = np.concatenate((delete_indices, delete_index)) unlabeled_indices = np.delete(unlabeled_indices, delete_indices) n_labeled_points += len(uncertainty_index) f.suptitle( ( "Active learning with Label Propagation.\nRows show 5 most " "uncertain labels to learn with the next model." ), y=1.15, ) plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.2, bottom=0.03, right=0.9, top=0.9, wspace=0.2, hspace=0.85) plt.show() .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 0.491 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_semi_supervised_plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.py: .. only:: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: binder-badge .. image:: images/binder_badge_logo.svg :target: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/1.6.X?urlpath=lab/tree/notebooks/auto_examples/semi_supervised/plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.ipynb :alt: Launch binder :width: 150 px .. container:: lite-badge .. image:: images/jupyterlite_badge_logo.svg :target: ../../lite/lab/index.html?path=auto_examples/semi_supervised/plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.ipynb :alt: Launch JupyterLite :width: 150 px .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.ipynb ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.py ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip :download:`Download zipped: plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.zip ` .. include:: plot_label_propagation_digits_active_learning.recommendations .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_