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.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "auto_examples/ensemble/plot_voting_regressor.py"
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.. only:: html
.. note::
:class: sphx-glr-download-link-note
Click :ref:`here <sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_ensemble_plot_voting_regressor.py>`
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.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title
.. _sphx_glr_auto_examples_ensemble_plot_voting_regressor.py:
=================================================
Plot individual and voting regression predictions
=================================================
.. currentmodule:: sklearn
A voting regressor is an ensemble meta-estimator that fits several base
regressors, each on the whole dataset. Then it averages the individual
predictions to form a final prediction.
We will use three different regressors to predict the data:
:class:`~ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor`,
:class:`~ensemble.RandomForestRegressor`, and
:class:`~linear_model.LinearRegression`).
Then the above 3 regressors will be used for the
:class:`~ensemble.VotingRegressor`.
Finally, we will plot the predictions made by all models for comparison.
We will work with the diabetes dataset which consists of 10 features
collected from a cohort of diabetes patients. The target is a quantitative
measure of disease progression one year after baseline.
.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 25-34
.. code-block:: default
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import load_diabetes
from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingRegressor
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.ensemble import VotingRegressor
.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 35-41
Training classifiers
--------------------------------
First, we will load the diabetes dataset and initiate a gradient boosting
regressor, a random forest regressor and a linear regression. Next, we will
use the 3 regressors to build the voting regressor:
.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 41-56
.. code-block:: default
X, y = load_diabetes(return_X_y=True)
# Train classifiers
reg1 = GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=1)
reg2 = RandomForestRegressor(random_state=1)
reg3 = LinearRegression()
reg1.fit(X, y)
reg2.fit(X, y)
reg3.fit(X, y)
ereg = VotingRegressor([("gb", reg1), ("rf", reg2), ("lr", reg3)])
ereg.fit(X, y)
.. raw:: html
<div class="output_subarea output_html rendered_html output_result">
<style>#sk-container-id-25 {color: black;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-25 pre{padding: 0;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-toggleable {background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-25 label.sk-toggleable__label {cursor: pointer;display: block;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0.3em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-25 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: "▸";float: left;margin-right: 0.25em;color: #696969;}#sk-container-id-25 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-estimator:hover label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 0;max-width: 0;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {margin: 0.2em;color: black;border-radius: 0.25em;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-25 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 200px;max-width: 100%;overflow: auto;}#sk-container-id-25 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: "▾";}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-25 input.sk-hidden--visually {border: 0;clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height: 1px;margin: -1px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0;position: absolute;width: 1px;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-estimator {font-family: monospace;background-color: #f0f8ff;border: 1px dotted black;border-radius: 0.25em;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-estimator:hover {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-parallel-item::after {content: "";width: 100%;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;flex-grow: 1;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-serial::before {content: "";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: 0;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-serial {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;background-color: white;padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-item {position: relative;z-index: 1;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-parallel {display: flex;align-items: stretch;justify-content: center;background-color: white;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-item::before, #sk-container-id-25 div.sk-parallel-item::before {content: "";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: -1;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-parallel-item {display: flex;flex-direction: column;z-index: 1;position: relative;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {align-self: flex-end;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {align-self: flex-start;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {width: 0;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {border: 1px dashed gray;margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;box-sizing: border-box;padding-bottom: 0.4em;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-label label {font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.2em;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-label-container {text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-container {/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }` but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org. See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */display: inline-block !important;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-25 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {display: none;}</style><div id="sk-container-id-25" class="sk-top-container"><div class="sk-text-repr-fallback"><pre>VotingRegressor(estimators=[('gb', GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=1)),
('rf', RandomForestRegressor(random_state=1)),
('lr', LinearRegression())])</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class="sk-container" hidden><div class="sk-item sk-dashed-wrapped"><div class="sk-label-container"><div class="sk-label sk-toggleable"><input class="sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually" id="sk-estimator-id-105" type="checkbox" ><label for="sk-estimator-id-105" class="sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow">VotingRegressor</label><div class="sk-toggleable__content"><pre>VotingRegressor(estimators=[('gb', GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=1)),
('rf', RandomForestRegressor(random_state=1)),
('lr', LinearRegression())])</pre></div></div></div><div class="sk-parallel"><div class="sk-parallel-item"><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-label-container"><div class="sk-label sk-toggleable"><label>gb</label></div></div><div class="sk-serial"><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-estimator sk-toggleable"><input class="sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually" id="sk-estimator-id-106" type="checkbox" ><label for="sk-estimator-id-106" class="sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow">GradientBoostingRegressor</label><div class="sk-toggleable__content"><pre>GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=1)</pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sk-parallel-item"><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-label-container"><div class="sk-label sk-toggleable"><label>rf</label></div></div><div class="sk-serial"><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-estimator sk-toggleable"><input class="sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually" id="sk-estimator-id-107" type="checkbox" ><label for="sk-estimator-id-107" class="sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow">RandomForestRegressor</label><div class="sk-toggleable__content"><pre>RandomForestRegressor(random_state=1)</pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="sk-parallel-item"><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-label-container"><div class="sk-label sk-toggleable"><label>lr</label></div></div><div class="sk-serial"><div class="sk-item"><div class="sk-estimator sk-toggleable"><input class="sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually" id="sk-estimator-id-108" type="checkbox" ><label for="sk-estimator-id-108" class="sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow">LinearRegression</label><div class="sk-toggleable__content"><pre>LinearRegression()</pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div>
<br />
<br />
.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 57-61
Making predictions
--------------------------------
Now we will use each of the regressors to make the 20 first predictions.
.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 61-69
.. code-block:: default
xt = X[:20]
pred1 = reg1.predict(xt)
pred2 = reg2.predict(xt)
pred3 = reg3.predict(xt)
pred4 = ereg.predict(xt)
.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 70-75
Plot the results
--------------------------------
Finally, we will visualize the 20 predictions. The red stars show the average
prediction made by :class:`~ensemble.VotingRegressor`.
.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 75-89
.. code-block:: default
plt.figure()
plt.plot(pred1, "gd", label="GradientBoostingRegressor")
plt.plot(pred2, "b^", label="RandomForestRegressor")
plt.plot(pred3, "ys", label="LinearRegression")
plt.plot(pred4, "r*", ms=10, label="VotingRegressor")
plt.tick_params(axis="x", which="both", bottom=False, top=False, labelbottom=False)
plt.ylabel("predicted")
plt.xlabel("training samples")
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.title("Regressor predictions and their average")
plt.show()
.. image-sg:: /auto_examples/ensemble/images/sphx_glr_plot_voting_regressor_001.png
:alt: Regressor predictions and their average
:srcset: /auto_examples/ensemble/images/sphx_glr_plot_voting_regressor_001.png
:class: sphx-glr-single-img
.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing
**Total running time of the script:** ( 0 minutes 0.770 seconds)
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