sklearn.preprocessing
.QuantileTransformer¶
- class sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer(*, n_quantiles=1000, output_distribution='uniform', ignore_implicit_zeros=False, subsample=100000, random_state=None, copy=True)[source]¶
Transform features using quantiles information.
This method transforms the features to follow a uniform or a normal distribution. Therefore, for a given feature, this transformation tends to spread out the most frequent values. It also reduces the impact of (marginal) outliers: this is therefore a robust preprocessing scheme.
The transformation is applied on each feature independently. First an estimate of the cumulative distribution function of a feature is used to map the original values to a uniform distribution. The obtained values are then mapped to the desired output distribution using the associated quantile function. Features values of new/unseen data that fall below or above the fitted range will be mapped to the bounds of the output distribution. Note that this transform is non-linear. It may distort linear correlations between variables measured at the same scale but renders variables measured at different scales more directly comparable.
Read more in the User Guide.
New in version 0.19.
- Parameters:
- n_quantilesint, default=1000 or n_samples
Number of quantiles to be computed. It corresponds to the number of landmarks used to discretize the cumulative distribution function. If n_quantiles is larger than the number of samples, n_quantiles is set to the number of samples as a larger number of quantiles does not give a better approximation of the cumulative distribution function estimator.
- output_distribution{‘uniform’, ‘normal’}, default=’uniform’
Marginal distribution for the transformed data. The choices are ‘uniform’ (default) or ‘normal’.
- ignore_implicit_zerosbool, default=False
Only applies to sparse matrices. If True, the sparse entries of the matrix are discarded to compute the quantile statistics. If False, these entries are treated as zeros.
- subsampleint, default=1e5
Maximum number of samples used to estimate the quantiles for computational efficiency. Note that the subsampling procedure may differ for value-identical sparse and dense matrices.
- random_stateint, RandomState instance or None, default=None
Determines random number generation for subsampling and smoothing noise. Please see
subsample
for more details. Pass an int for reproducible results across multiple function calls. See Glossary.- copybool, default=True
Set to False to perform inplace transformation and avoid a copy (if the input is already a numpy array).
- Attributes:
- n_quantiles_int
The actual number of quantiles used to discretize the cumulative distribution function.
- quantiles_ndarray of shape (n_quantiles, n_features)
The values corresponding the quantiles of reference.
- references_ndarray of shape (n_quantiles, )
Quantiles of references.
- n_features_in_int
Number of features seen during fit.
New in version 0.24.
- feature_names_in_ndarray of shape (
n_features_in_
,) Names of features seen during fit. Defined only when
X
has feature names that are all strings.New in version 1.0.
See also
quantile_transform
Equivalent function without the estimator API.
PowerTransformer
Perform mapping to a normal distribution using a power transform.
StandardScaler
Perform standardization that is faster, but less robust to outliers.
RobustScaler
Perform robust standardization that removes the influence of outliers but does not put outliers and inliers on the same scale.
Notes
NaNs are treated as missing values: disregarded in fit, and maintained in transform.
For a comparison of the different scalers, transformers, and normalizers, see examples/preprocessing/plot_all_scaling.py.
Examples
>>> import numpy as np >>> from sklearn.preprocessing import QuantileTransformer >>> rng = np.random.RandomState(0) >>> X = np.sort(rng.normal(loc=0.5, scale=0.25, size=(25, 1)), axis=0) >>> qt = QuantileTransformer(n_quantiles=10, random_state=0) >>> qt.fit_transform(X) array([...])
Methods
fit
(X[, y])Compute the quantiles used for transforming.
fit_transform
(X[, y])Fit to data, then transform it.
get_feature_names_out
([input_features])Get output feature names for transformation.
get_params
([deep])Get parameters for this estimator.
Back-projection to the original space.
set_params
(**params)Set the parameters of this estimator.
transform
(X)Feature-wise transformation of the data.
- fit(X, y=None)[source]¶
Compute the quantiles used for transforming.
- Parameters:
- X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
The data used to scale along the features axis. If a sparse matrix is provided, it will be converted into a sparse
csc_matrix
. Additionally, the sparse matrix needs to be nonnegative ifignore_implicit_zeros
is False.- yNone
Ignored.
- Returns:
- selfobject
Fitted transformer.
- fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)[source]¶
Fit to data, then transform it.
Fits transformer to
X
andy
with optional parametersfit_params
and returns a transformed version ofX
.- Parameters:
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Input samples.
- yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs), default=None
Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).
- **fit_paramsdict
Additional fit parameters.
- Returns:
- X_newndarray array of shape (n_samples, n_features_new)
Transformed array.
- get_feature_names_out(input_features=None)[source]¶
Get output feature names for transformation.
- Parameters:
- input_featuresarray-like of str or None, default=None
Input features.
If
input_features
isNone
, thenfeature_names_in_
is used as feature names in. Iffeature_names_in_
is not defined, then the following input feature names are generated:["x0", "x1", ..., "x(n_features_in_ - 1)"]
.If
input_features
is an array-like, theninput_features
must matchfeature_names_in_
iffeature_names_in_
is defined.
- Returns:
- feature_names_outndarray of str objects
Same as input features.
- get_params(deep=True)[source]¶
Get parameters for this estimator.
- Parameters:
- deepbool, default=True
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
- Returns:
- paramsdict
Parameter names mapped to their values.
- inverse_transform(X)[source]¶
Back-projection to the original space.
- Parameters:
- X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
The data used to scale along the features axis. If a sparse matrix is provided, it will be converted into a sparse
csc_matrix
. Additionally, the sparse matrix needs to be nonnegative ifignore_implicit_zeros
is False.
- Returns:
- Xt{ndarray, sparse matrix} of (n_samples, n_features)
The projected data.
- set_params(**params)[source]¶
Set the parameters of this estimator.
The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as
Pipeline
). The latter have parameters of the form<component>__<parameter>
so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.- Parameters:
- **paramsdict
Estimator parameters.
- Returns:
- selfestimator instance
Estimator instance.
- transform(X)[source]¶
Feature-wise transformation of the data.
- Parameters:
- X{array-like, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
The data used to scale along the features axis. If a sparse matrix is provided, it will be converted into a sparse
csc_matrix
. Additionally, the sparse matrix needs to be nonnegative ifignore_implicit_zeros
is False.
- Returns:
- Xt{ndarray, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
The projected data.
Examples using sklearn.preprocessing.QuantileTransformer
¶
Partial Dependence and Individual Conditional Expectation Plots
Effect of transforming the targets in regression model
Compare the effect of different scalers on data with outliers
Map data to a normal distribution