sklearn.random_projection.SparseRandomProjection¶
- class sklearn.random_projection.SparseRandomProjection(n_components='auto', *, density='auto', eps=0.1, dense_output=False, random_state=None)[source]¶
Reduce dimensionality through sparse random projection.
Sparse random matrix is an alternative to dense random projection matrix that guarantees similar embedding quality while being much more memory efficient and allowing faster computation of the projected data.
If we note
s = 1 / densitythe components of the random matrix are drawn from:-sqrt(s) / sqrt(n_components) with probability 1 / 2s
0 with probability 1 - 1 / s
+sqrt(s) / sqrt(n_components) with probability 1 / 2s
Read more in the User Guide.
New in version 0.13.
- Parameters
- n_componentsint or ‘auto’, default=’auto’
Dimensionality of the target projection space.
n_components can be automatically adjusted according to the number of samples in the dataset and the bound given by the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma. In that case the quality of the embedding is controlled by the
epsparameter.It should be noted that Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma can yield very conservative estimated of the required number of components as it makes no assumption on the structure of the dataset.
- densityfloat or ‘auto’, default=’auto’
Ratio in the range (0, 1] of non-zero component in the random projection matrix.
If density = ‘auto’, the value is set to the minimum density as recommended by Ping Li et al.: 1 / sqrt(n_features).
Use density = 1 / 3.0 if you want to reproduce the results from Achlioptas, 2001.
- epsfloat, default=0.1
Parameter to control the quality of the embedding according to the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma when n_components is set to ‘auto’. This value should be strictly positive.
Smaller values lead to better embedding and higher number of dimensions (n_components) in the target projection space.
- dense_outputbool, default=False
If True, ensure that the output of the random projection is a dense numpy array even if the input and random projection matrix are both sparse. In practice, if the number of components is small the number of zero components in the projected data will be very small and it will be more CPU and memory efficient to use a dense representation.
If False, the projected data uses a sparse representation if the input is sparse.
- random_stateint, RandomState instance or None, default=None
Controls the pseudo random number generator used to generate the projection matrix at fit time. Pass an int for reproducible output across multiple function calls. See Glossary.
- Attributes
- n_components_int
Concrete number of components computed when n_components=”auto”.
- components_sparse matrix of shape (n_components, n_features)
Random matrix used for the projection. Sparse matrix will be of CSR format.
- density_float in range 0.0 - 1.0
Concrete density computed from when density = “auto”.
- n_features_in_int
Number of features seen during fit.
New in version 0.24.
- feature_names_in_ndarray of shape (
n_features_in_,) Names of features seen during fit. Defined only when
Xhas feature names that are all strings.New in version 1.0.
See also
GaussianRandomProjectionReduce dimensionality through Gaussian random projection.
References
- 1
Ping Li, T. Hastie and K. W. Church, 2006, “Very Sparse Random Projections”. https://web.stanford.edu/~hastie/Papers/Ping/KDD06_rp.pdf
- 2
D. Achlioptas, 2001, “Database-friendly random projections”, https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~optas/papers/jl.pdf
Examples
>>> import numpy as np >>> from sklearn.random_projection import SparseRandomProjection >>> rng = np.random.RandomState(42) >>> X = rng.rand(25, 3000) >>> transformer = SparseRandomProjection(random_state=rng) >>> X_new = transformer.fit_transform(X) >>> X_new.shape (25, 2759) >>> # very few components are non-zero >>> np.mean(transformer.components_ != 0) 0.0182...
Methods
fit(X[, y])Generate a sparse random projection matrix.
fit_transform(X[, y])Fit to data, then transform it.
get_params([deep])Get parameters for this estimator.
set_params(**params)Set the parameters of this estimator.
transform(X)Project the data by using matrix product with the random matrix.
- fit(X, y=None)[source]¶
Generate a sparse random projection matrix.
- Parameters
- X{ndarray, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Training set: only the shape is used to find optimal random matrix dimensions based on the theory referenced in the afore mentioned papers.
- yIgnored
Not used, present here for API consistency by convention.
- Returns
- selfobject
BaseRandomProjection class instance.
- fit_transform(X, y=None, **fit_params)[source]¶
Fit to data, then transform it.
Fits transformer to
Xandywith optional parametersfit_paramsand returns a transformed version ofX.- Parameters
- Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)
Input samples.
- yarray-like of shape (n_samples,) or (n_samples, n_outputs), default=None
Target values (None for unsupervised transformations).
- **fit_paramsdict
Additional fit parameters.
- Returns
- X_newndarray array of shape (n_samples, n_features_new)
Transformed array.
- get_params(deep=True)[source]¶
Get parameters for this estimator.
- Parameters
- deepbool, default=True
If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.
- Returns
- paramsdict
Parameter names mapped to their values.
- set_params(**params)[source]¶
Set the parameters of this estimator.
The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as
Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form<component>__<parameter>so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.- Parameters
- **paramsdict
Estimator parameters.
- Returns
- selfestimator instance
Estimator instance.
- transform(X)[source]¶
Project the data by using matrix product with the random matrix.
- Parameters
- X{ndarray, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_features)
The input data to project into a smaller dimensional space.
- Returns
- X_new{ndarray, sparse matrix} of shape (n_samples, n_components)
Projected array.
