sklearn.neighbors.KernelDensity

class sklearn.neighbors.KernelDensity(*, bandwidth=1.0, algorithm='auto', kernel='gaussian', metric='euclidean', atol=0, rtol=0, breadth_first=True, leaf_size=40, metric_params=None)

Kernel Density Estimation.

Read more in the User Guide.

Parameters

bandwidthfloat, default=1.0

The bandwidth of the kernel.

algorithm{‘kd_tree’, ‘ball_tree’, ‘auto’}, default=’auto’

The tree algorithm to use.

kernel{‘gaussian’, ‘tophat’, ‘epanechnikov’, ‘exponential’, ‘linear’, ‘cosine’}, default=’gaussian’

The kernel to use.

metricstr, default=’euclidean’

The distance metric to use. Note that not all metrics are valid with all algorithms. Refer to the documentation of BallTree and KDTree for a description of available algorithms. Note that the normalization of the density output is correct only for the Euclidean distance metric. Default is ‘euclidean’.

atolfloat, default=0

The desired absolute tolerance of the result. A larger tolerance will generally lead to faster execution.

rtolfloat, default=0

The desired relative tolerance of the result. A larger tolerance will generally lead to faster execution.

breadth_firstbool, default=True

If true (default), use a breadth-first approach to the problem. Otherwise use a depth-first approach.

leaf_sizeint, default=40

Specify the leaf size of the underlying tree. See BallTree or KDTree for details.

metric_paramsdict, default=None

Additional parameters to be passed to the tree for use with the metric. For more information, see the documentation of BallTree or KDTree.

Attributes

n_features_in_int

Number of features seen during fit.

New in version 0.24.

tree_BinaryTree instance

The tree algorithm for fast generalized N-point problems.

feature_names_in_ndarray of shape (n_features_in_,)

Names of features seen during fit. Defined only when X has feature names that are all strings.

New in version 1.0.

See also

sklearn.neighbors.KDTree

K-dimensional tree for fast generalized N-point problems.

sklearn.neighbors.BallTree

Ball tree for fast generalized N-point problems.

Examples

Compute a gaussian kernel density estimate with a fixed bandwidth.

>>> from sklearn.neighbors import KernelDensity
>>> import numpy as np
>>> rng = np.random.RandomState(42)
>>> X = rng.random_sample((100, 3))
>>> kde = KernelDensity(kernel='gaussian', bandwidth=0.5).fit(X)
>>> log_density = kde.score_samples(X[:3])
>>> log_density
array([-1.52955942, -1.51462041, -1.60244657])

Methods

fit(X[, y, sample_weight])	Fit the Kernel Density model on the data.
get_params([deep])	Get parameters for this estimator.
sample([n_samples, random_state])	Generate random samples from the model.
score(X[, y])	Compute the total log-likelihood under the model.
score_samples(X)	Compute the log-likelihood of each sample under the model.
set_params(**params)	Set the parameters of this estimator.

fit(X, y=None, sample_weight=None)

Fit the Kernel Density model on the data.

Parameters

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

List of n_features-dimensional data points. Each row corresponds to a single data point.

yNone

Ignored. This parameter exists only for compatibility with Pipeline.

sample_weightarray-like of shape (n_samples,), default=None

List of sample weights attached to the data X.

New in version 0.20.

Returns

selfobject

Returns the instance itself.

get_params(deep=True)

Get parameters for this estimator.

Parameters

deepbool, default=True

If True, will return the parameters for this estimator and contained subobjects that are estimators.

Returns

paramsdict

Parameter names mapped to their values.

sample(n_samples=1, random_state=None)

Generate random samples from the model.

Currently, this is implemented only for gaussian and tophat kernels.

Parameters

n_samplesint, default=1

Number of samples to generate.

random_stateint, RandomState instance or None, default=None

Determines random number generation used to generate random samples. Pass an int for reproducible results across multiple function calls. See Glossary.

Returns

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

List of samples.

score(X, y=None)

Compute the total log-likelihood under the model.

Parameters

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

List of n_features-dimensional data points. Each row corresponds to a single data point.

yNone

Ignored. This parameter exists only for compatibility with Pipeline.

Returns

logprobfloat

Total log-likelihood of the data in X. This is normalized to be a probability density, so the value will be low for high-dimensional data.

score_samples(X)

Compute the log-likelihood of each sample under the model.

Parameters

Xarray-like of shape (n_samples, n_features)

An array of points to query. Last dimension should match dimension of training data (n_features).

Returns

densityndarray of shape (n_samples,)

Log-likelihood of each sample in X. These are normalized to be probability densities, so values will be low for high-dimensional data.

set_params(**params)

Set the parameters of this estimator.

The method works on simple estimators as well as on nested objects (such as Pipeline). The latter have parameters of the form <component>__<parameter> so that it’s possible to update each component of a nested object.

Parameters

**paramsdict

Estimator parameters.

Returns

selfestimator instance

Estimator instance.

Examples using sklearn.neighbors.KernelDensity

Kernel Density Estimation

Kernel Density Estimate of Species Distributions

Simple 1D Kernel Density Estimation