Label Propagation digits: Demonstrating performance

This example demonstrates the power of semisupervised learning by training a Label Spreading model to classify handwritten digits with sets of very few labels.

The handwritten digit dataset has 1797 total points. The model will be trained using all points, but only 30 will be labeled. Results in the form of a confusion matrix and a series of metrics over each class will be very good.

At the end, the top 10 most uncertain predictions will be shown.

Out:

Label Spreading model: 40 labeled & 300 unlabeled points (340 total)
              precision    recall  f1-score   support

           0       1.00      1.00      1.00        27
           1       0.82      1.00      0.90        37
           2       1.00      0.86      0.92        28
           3       1.00      0.80      0.89        35
           4       0.92      1.00      0.96        24
           5       0.74      0.94      0.83        34
           6       0.89      0.96      0.92        25
           7       0.94      0.89      0.91        35
           8       1.00      0.68      0.81        31
           9       0.81      0.88      0.84        24

    accuracy                           0.90       300
   macro avg       0.91      0.90      0.90       300
weighted avg       0.91      0.90      0.90       300

Confusion matrix
[[27  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0]
 [ 0 37  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0]
 [ 0  1 24  0  0  0  2  1  0  0]
 [ 0  0  0 28  0  5  0  1  0  1]
 [ 0  0  0  0 24  0  0  0  0  0]
 [ 0  0  0  0  0 32  0  0  0  2]
 [ 0  0  0  0  0  1 24  0  0  0]
 [ 0  0  0  0  1  3  0 31  0  0]
 [ 0  7  0  0  0  0  1  0 21  2]
 [ 0  0  0  0  1  2  0  0  0 21]]

# Authors: Clay Woolam <clay@woolam.org>
# License: BSD

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from scipy import stats

from sklearn import datasets
from sklearn.semi_supervised import LabelSpreading

from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, classification_report

digits = datasets.load_digits()
rng = np.random.RandomState(2)
indices = np.arange(len(digits.data))
rng.shuffle(indices)

X = digits.data[indices[:340]]
y = digits.target[indices[:340]]
images = digits.images[indices[:340]]

n_total_samples = len(y)
n_labeled_points = 40

indices = np.arange(n_total_samples)

unlabeled_set = indices[n_labeled_points:]

# #############################################################################
# Shuffle everything around
y_train = np.copy(y)
y_train[unlabeled_set] = -1

# #############################################################################
# Learn with LabelSpreading
lp_model = LabelSpreading(gamma=0.25, max_iter=20)
lp_model.fit(X, y_train)
predicted_labels = lp_model.transduction_[unlabeled_set]
true_labels = y[unlabeled_set]

cm = confusion_matrix(true_labels, predicted_labels, labels=lp_model.classes_)

print(
    "Label Spreading model: %d labeled & %d unlabeled points (%d total)"
    % (n_labeled_points, n_total_samples - n_labeled_points, n_total_samples)
)

print(classification_report(true_labels, predicted_labels))

print("Confusion matrix")
print(cm)

# #############################################################################
# Calculate uncertainty values for each transduced distribution
pred_entropies = stats.distributions.entropy(lp_model.label_distributions_.T)

# #############################################################################
# Pick the top 10 most uncertain labels
uncertainty_index = np.argsort(pred_entropies)[-10:]

# #############################################################################
# Plot
f = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 5))
for index, image_index in enumerate(uncertainty_index):
    image = images[image_index]

    sub = f.add_subplot(2, 5, index + 1)
    sub.imshow(image, cmap=plt.cm.gray_r)
    plt.xticks([])
    plt.yticks([])
    sub.set_title(
        "predict: %i\ntrue: %i" % (lp_model.transduction_[image_index], y[image_index])
    )

f.suptitle("Learning with small amount of labeled data")
plt.show()