.. DO NOT EDIT. .. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY. .. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE: .. "auto_examples/svm/plot_iris_svc.py" .. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW. .. only:: html .. note:: :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note Click :ref:`here ` to download the full example code or to run this example in your browser via Binder .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title .. _sphx_glr_auto_examples_svm_plot_iris_svc.py: ================================================== Plot different SVM classifiers in the iris dataset ================================================== Comparison of different linear SVM classifiers on a 2D projection of the iris dataset. We only consider the first 2 features of this dataset: - Sepal length - Sepal width This example shows how to plot the decision surface for four SVM classifiers with different kernels. The linear models ``LinearSVC()`` and ``SVC(kernel='linear')`` yield slightly different decision boundaries. This can be a consequence of the following differences: - ``LinearSVC`` minimizes the squared hinge loss while ``SVC`` minimizes the regular hinge loss. - ``LinearSVC`` uses the One-vs-All (also known as One-vs-Rest) multiclass reduction while ``SVC`` uses the One-vs-One multiclass reduction. Both linear models have linear decision boundaries (intersecting hyperplanes) while the non-linear kernel models (polynomial or Gaussian RBF) have more flexible non-linear decision boundaries with shapes that depend on the kind of kernel and its parameters. .. NOTE:: while plotting the decision function of classifiers for toy 2D datasets can help get an intuitive understanding of their respective expressive power, be aware that those intuitions don't always generalize to more realistic high-dimensional problems. .. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 36-121 .. image:: /auto_examples/svm/images/sphx_glr_plot_iris_svc_001.png :alt: SVC with linear kernel, LinearSVC (linear kernel), SVC with RBF kernel, SVC with polynomial (degree 3) kernel :class: sphx-glr-single-img .. code-block:: default print(__doc__) import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from sklearn import svm, datasets def make_meshgrid(x, y, h=.02): """Create a mesh of points to plot in Parameters ---------- x: data to base x-axis meshgrid on y: data to base y-axis meshgrid on h: stepsize for meshgrid, optional Returns ------- xx, yy : ndarray """ x_min, x_max = x.min() - 1, x.max() + 1 y_min, y_max = y.min() - 1, y.max() + 1 xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h)) return xx, yy def plot_contours(ax, clf, xx, yy, **params): """Plot the decision boundaries for a classifier. Parameters ---------- ax: matplotlib axes object clf: a classifier xx: meshgrid ndarray yy: meshgrid ndarray params: dictionary of params to pass to contourf, optional """ Z = clf.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()]) Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape) out = ax.contourf(xx, yy, Z, **params) return out # import some data to play with iris = datasets.load_iris() # Take the first two features. We could avoid this by using a two-dim dataset X = iris.data[:, :2] y = iris.target # we create an instance of SVM and fit out data. We do not scale our # data since we want to plot the support vectors C = 1.0 # SVM regularization parameter models = (svm.SVC(kernel='linear', C=C), svm.LinearSVC(C=C, max_iter=10000), svm.SVC(kernel='rbf', gamma=0.7, C=C), svm.SVC(kernel='poly', degree=3, gamma='auto', C=C)) models = (clf.fit(X, y) for clf in models) # title for the plots titles = ('SVC with linear kernel', 'LinearSVC (linear kernel)', 'SVC with RBF kernel', 'SVC with polynomial (degree 3) kernel') # Set-up 2x2 grid for plotting. fig, sub = plt.subplots(2, 2) plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.4, hspace=0.4) X0, X1 = X[:, 0], X[:, 1] xx, yy = make_meshgrid(X0, X1) for clf, title, ax in zip(models, titles, sub.flatten()): plot_contours(ax, clf, xx, yy, cmap=plt.cm.coolwarm, alpha=0.8) ax.scatter(X0, X1, c=y, cmap=plt.cm.coolwarm, s=20, edgecolors='k') ax.set_xlim(xx.min(), xx.max()) ax.set_ylim(yy.min(), yy.max()) ax.set_xlabel('Sepal length') ax.set_ylabel('Sepal width') ax.set_xticks(()) ax.set_yticks(()) ax.set_title(title) plt.show() .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing **Total running time of the script:** ( 0 minutes 1.161 seconds) .. _sphx_glr_download_auto_examples_svm_plot_iris_svc.py: .. only :: html .. container:: sphx-glr-footer :class: sphx-glr-footer-example .. container:: binder-badge .. image:: images/binder_badge_logo.svg :target: https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/0.24.X?urlpath=lab/tree/notebooks/auto_examples/svm/plot_iris_svc.ipynb :alt: Launch binder :width: 150 px .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python :download:`Download Python source code: plot_iris_svc.py ` .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_iris_svc.ipynb ` .. only:: html .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery `_